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ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF EU DRINKING WATER DIRECTIVE OF BULGARIAN DRINKING WATERS WITH RESPECT

ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF EU DRINKING WATER DIRECTIVE OF BULGARIAN DRINKING WATERS WITH RESPECT TO METALS Assoc. Prof. Eng. Jordan Kosturkov, Ph.D. e-mail: jordan@bas.bg. Institute of Water Problems Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

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ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF EU DRINKING WATER DIRECTIVE OF BULGARIAN DRINKING WATERS WITH RESPECT

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  1. ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF EU DRINKING WATER DIRECTIVE OF BULGARIAN DRINKING WATERS WITH RESPECT TO METALS Assoc.Prof. Eng. Jordan Kosturkov, Ph.D. e-mail:jordan@bas.bg Institute of Water Problems Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

  2. Some facts about drinking water supply in Bulgaria • Bulgaria has very well developed water supply system, which provides water for 5031 settlements (year 2004); • The percentage of population in Bulgaria that is connected to a centralized water supply system is 98.8%. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  3. Some facts about drinking water supply in Bulgaria • Percentage of groundwater and surface water sources used for drinking water production: • from groundwater - 47.6 % of total supply; • from surface waters - 52.4 %; J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  4. Some facts about drinking water supply in Bulgaria • The proportion abstracted from surface waters (direct abstraction or abstraction through bank-filtered water): • from impoundment reservoirs is drawn 45.4 %; • from watercourses - 7 %. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  5. Some facts about drinking water supply in Bulgaria • More than two thirds of the distribution pipes are made of asbestos cement and about one third of metals. Plastic pipes, which began to be installed ten years ago, today account for 2 %; • Most of the pipes are old, in poor condition and are incompatible with the physical-chemical properties of the water. This results in heavy corrosion and excessive water losses respectively; J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  6. Legislation in the field of drinking water • The Bulgarian legislation in the field of the potable water is completely harmonized with the EC Directives and is in process of implementation; • The major legal documents regulating this fieldare the following:: • Laws - the Water Act and the Law on Public Health; • Regulations: • Regulation № 9 on the quality of water designated for drinking and household needs (State Gazette 30/2001)(Directive 98/83/EC); • Regulation № 12 on the quality requirements to the surface water designated for drinking and household needs (SG 63/2002)( Directives 75/440/EEC and 79/869/EEC); • Regulation № 3 on the conditions and order for survey, design, approval, and operation of the sanitary-guarded zones around the water sources and facilities for drinking and household water supply, and around the sources for mineral water used for medicinal, prophilactic, drinking, and hygiene purposes (SG 88/2000). J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  7. Competent bodies in the field of drinking water • Implementation of legislative requirements for drinking water is assigned basically on two subjects: • Water supply companies in capacity of structures carried out activities for water supply for drinking and household needs and • The Ministry of Health and its regional structures - the 28 Regional Inspectorates for Public Health Protection and Control (RIPHPC) in capacity of competent control body. The Ministry of Health through the 28 RIPHPC carried out the state sanitary control on potable water. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  8. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive • The Regulation No. 9 of 16 March 2001, for the quality of water intended for drinking and domestic purposes (promulgated in State Gazette 30/2001) transposes fully the EU Council Directive 98/83/EC (DWD) on the quality of water intended for human consumption. The regulation is issued on the basis of the Water Act (Art. 135, p.3 in conjunction with Art. 189) and the Public Health Act (Art. 20). J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  9. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive • All the parameters of the DWD are included in The Regulation No. 9; • Three chapters of the regulation are especially related to chemical safety of drinking water, including safety related to contamination with metals, namely chemical indicators and their maximal values (MV); requirements to performance characteristics of the methods used, types of monitoring and conditions for realization. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  10. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive Comparison of limit values for metals and metalloids assigned by the DWD and Regulation 9 J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  11. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive • In comparison to the provisions of the Drinking Water Directive no transitional periods were introduced for the Maximal Value of lead - the more stringent limit value (10 μg/l) instead of 25 μg/l was enforced; • Transitional periods for compliance are laid down for some other metals, and in particular: • Al – for 2005 • Sb, Hg, Ni – for 2007. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  12. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive – Problem parameters • Diversions regarding manganese indicator -Elevated manganese concentrations are of geogenic origin and primarily found in the bank-filtered water of the larger rivers (Danube, Maritsa, Kamchyia, etc.). This phenomenon tends to occur in episodes such as in impoundment reservoirs or after dry periods when water levels are low; J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  13. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive – Problem parameters • Diversions regarding manganese indicator (cont) -Concentration levels exceeded the permissible limits dramatically when in 2001 the threshold was reduced to match EU Drinking Water Directive requirements. Some 68,000 people or 0.85 % of the total population in Bulgaria are affected by the problem with manganese, with the regions hardest hit being Haskovo and V.Tarnovo. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  14. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive – Problem parameters • Diversions regarding manganese indicator (cont) – • Main reasons: lack of purifying and manganese separating plants (unconditionally necessary for water from underground sources having high contents of manganese), as well as worn and outdated water conduits; • Measures: Construction of the above-mentioned facilities and renewal of water conduits. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  15. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive – Problem parameters • Diversions regarding the metals (chromium) - Chromium constitutes a very specific problem of geogenic origin. 16 small towns with as many as 19,000 inhabitants in the regions of Montana and Pleven in Bulgaria’s north are affected; J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  16. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive – Problem parameters • Diversions regarding the metals (chromium)– • Main reasons:Use of water sources having natural overnorm contents of the parameter and lack of water treatment; • Measures:Possible solutions are the construction of new water sources, water purification or dilution with uncontaminated water to keep above-threshold concentrations to a minimum. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  17. Implementation of Drinking Water Directive – Problem parameters • Diversions regarding the metals • Above-threshold concentrations of arsenic are occurred in 1 settlement; • Above-threshold concentrations of lead are in most cases also of geogenic origin and, unlike in other European countries, not the result of old leaden pipes. Throughout the country elevated concentrations are occasionally measured. J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

  18. Thank you for your attention! J.Kosturkov, 2nd International conference “Metals and related substances in drinking water”, October 29-31, 2008, COST ACTION 637 METEAU

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