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The American Revolution

The American Revolution. British expect it to be over in less than a year Both sides think large decisive battles are the best strategy Ideas quickly shift. British. ADVANTAGES Loyalists (20% of pop. ) William Franklin Africans freedom offered. DISADVANTAGES Hessian Mercenaries German

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The American Revolution

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  1. The American Revolution • British expect it to be over in less than a year • Both sides think large decisive battles are the best strategy • Ideas quickly shift

  2. British • ADVANTAGES • Loyalists (20% of pop.) • William Franklin • Africans freedom offered • DISADVANTAGES • Hessian Mercenaries • German • 30, 000 • 5,000 stay in America • Lack of leadership

  3. American • ADVANTAGES • Home front defensive war • Fought for home • British depended on mercenary Hessians • Weapons • Washington’s use of the Fabian Strategy • DISADVANTAGES • Supply shortages • Outmatched • Inflation from funding the war effort

  4. New York • British • British Gen. Howe • Battle of Long Island • Howe thinks Washington will surrender • Americans • Patriot Nathan Hale • Hung as a spy by British • Inexperience soldiers

  5. New Jersey Victories • Trenton & Princeton • British can be beat • Hessians surrender to Americans • Gen. Washington crosses the Delaware river • Christmas attack

  6. Battle of Saratoga • Patriot Guerillas slow down Gen. Burgoyne • British lack leaders • Gen. Howe is stuck in Philadelphia • British realize they cannot cut New England of from the rest of the colonies • Oct, 1777 Gen. Burgoyne surrenders • Allies realize Americans can actually win

  7. Allies enter • FRANCE • France declares war on Britain • Send money, equipment & troops to America • SPAIN • Spain hated England • Declare war on England • Didn’t recognize American independence • Fight mostly in the South • Spanish governor of Louisiana opens New Orleans to free trade

  8. Valley Forge • Lack supplies and housing • Bad weather • Marquis de Lafayette • Bought supplies • Friedrich von Steuben • Trained soldiers • Redesigned camp layout • Juan de Miralles • Convinces Spain, Cuba & Mexico to send financial aid

  9. Home front Life • Women take on husband’s responsibilities • Abigail Adams • “I can not say I think you are very generous to the ladies,” • Loyalists • Many flee to Canada • Hopes for new freedom

  10. Expanding Fronts • West • Natives believe British are a lesser threat • Mohawk Chief Joseph • South • Loyalist Charlestown & Wilmington crushed • British Gen. Cornwallis faces off against Gen. Horatio Gates • British win but receive little support from Southerners • Guerrilla tactics • “Swamp Fox” Francis Marion • Cornwallis heads north to Virginia, almost captures Jefferson • Washington sends troops to Yorktown

  11. Naval • British blockades prevent supplies and reinforcements • Americans destroy their own ships to avoid __________ • Privateers help Continental effort • John Paul Jones • American naval officer • Raids British ports • Father of the navy

  12. Yorktown • 1780 French Gen. Rochambeau arrives in New England • British fleet follows them in and traps them in the bay • Washington camps out waiting for another French fleet • won’t sail until 1781 • He changes plans (secret) • Lafayette and Cornwallis keep British at Yorktown • French fleet arrive under Admiral de Grasse • Rochambeau’s troops arrive • Washington marches 200 miles without British finding out

  13. Cornwallis’s defeat • Oct. 9 the Americans attack • 10 days later Cornwallis surrenders • British navy unable to reach him • Battle of Yorktown ends the war

  14. Independence • British still hold • Savannah, Charlestown & New York • Delegates sent to Paris for a treaty • Americans-Ben Franklin, John Adams & John Jay • Treaty of Paris 1783 • Britain recognizes American Independence • Borders set from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi river and from Canada to Spanish Florida • British withdraw all troops • Americans gain fishing rights off Canada • British merchants can collect American debts • Loyalist properties returned

  15. Wars end issues • Newburgh Conspiracy • Congressed refused to pay soldiers pensions • Soldiers threaten not to disband • Washington fears a revolt that would lead to Civil War • Convinces Congress to pay up • “If, retiring from the field, they are to grow old in poverty….then shall I have learned what ingratitude is.” • 1783 Washington resigns and returns to Mount Vernon • 1776 Revolution inspires the world • 1789 French Revolution

  16. Timeline & Biographies • Place all events from the vocabulary into a timeline. • Provide a summary of each event. • Star the 3 events you find most interesting, justify. • Place all people from the vocabulary into a Revolutionary war biography pamphlet. • Draw an image to represent each person. • Write a 3 sentence (minimum) summation of their importance to the Revolutionary War. • Choose 3 other people you believe should be added.

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