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Chapter 9 explores the concurrent growth of Mesoamerican cultures and the Andean civilizations in South America. Located in the challenging landscapes of the Andes, early inhabitants established temporary villages between 3600 B.C. and 2500 B.C., relying initially on seafood and small game before transitioning to agriculture around 3000 B.C. The Chavin civilization thrived in the mountains from 900 B.C. to 200 B.C., known for its art and religious imagery, while the Nazca and Moche cultures advanced in the southern coast and river valleys, respectively. The reasons behind the decline of Moche remain a mystery.
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Setting the Stage • At the same time the Mesoamerican cultures were growing, so were societies in South America • Like the people of Mesoamerica, Andean culture controlled their surroundings in order to prosper
The Andes • In the northern Andes civilizations would emerge in what is now Peru
The Andes • The Andes are steep and rocky, with poor soil
First people of the Andes • People established temporary villages between 3600 B.C. and 2500 B.C. • Relied on seafood and small game, until they began to farm around 3000 B.C.
The Chavin • Civilization grew not on the coast, but in the mountains • It flourished from 900 B.C. to 200 B.C
The Chavin • These people left no evidence of economic or political organization • Chavin art styles, and religious images spread to other Peruvian cultures
The Nazca • Flourished in an extremely dry area on the southern coast of Peru • 200 B.C. to 600 A.D
Moche • 100 A.D. to 700 A.D. • Took advantage of the rivers that flowed from the Andes mountains
Moche • Like many of the civilizations in South America scientists have yet to discover why the Moche fell
