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The American Revolution

Explore the strengths and weaknesses of both the American and British forces during the American Revolution. Learn about key turning points that shifted the tide of the war, such as the victories in Trenton and Saratoga. Discover the impact of the Revolution on other countries, including France.

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The American Revolution

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  1. TheAmerican Revolution Chapter 7

  2. I. American Strengths & Weaknesses • Weaknesses • Were never more than 20,000 men • Only enlisted for 6 – 12 months • Few were trained for battle • Shortages – guns, gunpowder, food, uniforms, shoes • New government lacked power to tax states • Strengths • Patriotism • Aid from the French • George Washington

  3. II. British Strengths & Weaknesses • Strengths • Army of 50,000 plus 30,000 mercenaries • Well-trained in military tactics • Well supplied • Weaknesses • Distance between Britain and America • Poor leadership

  4. III. Britain Almost Wins • African Americans & the War • Declaration of Independence raised many questions a) Did “all men are created equal” apply to them? • Many joined Patriot cause but were soon blocked so army did not become full of runaway slaves • British promised freedom to all slaves who fought for king • 1779 – Washington changes mind, 15% of soldiers were African American

  5. III. Britain Almost Wins • Defeat in New York (flipbook) • August 27, 1776 – Americans no match for British. • British lose 377 men • Americans lose 1,407 men • British general ordered halt expecting American surrender • Washington only retreated • Fading Hopes • British forces also chased Americans out of New Jersey and into Pennsylvania • Patriotism weakens

  6. IV. Pep Talk & Surprise Victories • The Crisis by Thomas Paine • Used as a pep talk by Washington • Victory in Trenton (flipbook) • December 25, 1776 – Washington’s men marched toward Trenton • Caught by surprise, mercenaries surrendered • Took 868 prisoners w/o losing any men • Week later – captured another 300 in Princeton, NJ

  7. Washington Captures Princeton

  8. V. Tide Begins to Turn • New British Strategy • Divide the rebels by controlling Hudson River Valley • General Burgoyone left Canada in June 1777 with 8,000 soldiers to meet General Howe in NY • Problems with Burgoyone’s Plan • Invasion route was not easy • Went through 20 miles of wilderness • Army slowed by 600 wagons • General Howe had own ideas on how to win a) Headed to Philadelphia instead of NY

  9. V. Tide Begins to Turn • Turning Point - 1777 (flipbook) • Burgoyone was surrounded by time he reached Hudson River at Saratoga Springs • Surrender showed Americans they could win • France and Spain ally with America • Winter at Valley Forge • Washington’s troops hungry because farmers sold to British for gold • Prussian volunteer put in charge of training men • Rich French volunteerlived like other men in Valley Forge

  10. Winter at Valley Forge

  11. V. Tide Begins to Turn • Battle of Monmouth (flipbook) • Henry Clinton replaced General Howe and ordered army to retreat to NYC and be supplied by Royal Navy • June 28, 1778 – Washington caught up with retreating British • British slipped across Hudson to safety in NYC with Washington camped nearby

  12. VI. War Goes South • New British Strategy • Attacked Savannah, Georgia and moved into North and South Carolina • Left Cornwallis in charge of South • Saving the South • American guerrilla warriors continued to raid the British • 1780 – American General Greene led Cornwallis troops on chase through southern backcountry

  13. VI. War Goes South • Trap for Yorktown (flipbook) • France sent 5,000 troops to join Washington with 3,000 scheduled to arrive • Secretly moved army to Virginia • Joined up with French and surrounded Yorktown with 16,000 troops • French warships sealed off entrance to bay • Cornwallis Surrenders 1. October 19, 1781 – 8,000 British troops left Yorktown to lay down arms

  14. VII. War Ends • Unspeedy Conclusion • Months before king admitted defeat • price for freedom • 6,200 killed in combat, 10,000 died of disease, and 8,500 as British prisoners • Treaty of Paris (1783) • Britain agreed to recognize United States as independent nation • Britain gave up all claims to land between Atlantic and Mississippi, Canada and Florida • United States agreed to return all rights and property taken from Loyalists BrainPOP • Influence of the Revolution 1. Inspirational in France, where own revolution soon began

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