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Cell Reproduction

Cell division is crucial for maintaining adequate nutrient uptake and waste removal in cells. It occurs when a cell can no longer efficiently transport substances due to insufficient surface area. In humans, cell lifespans vary significantly—from skin cells lasting a couple of weeks to muscle cells surviving up to 16 years. The cell cycle consists of several phases, starting with interphase (G1, S, G2), followed by mitosis (PMAT) and cytokinesis, which leads to the formation of two identical daughter cells. This process is vital for growth, repair, and development.

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Cell Reproduction

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  1. Cell Reproduction Why do Cells Divide? Section 5-1, 5-2

  2. Why must the cell divide? • Nutrients and waste pass through the cell membrane • When the cell membrane no longer has a large enough surface area to transport the volume of the cell • It divides!

  3. How long do our cells last? • In the human body our cells last between two weeks (a skin cell) to 16 years (our muscles) • Cell division occurs more rapidly in embryos and children

  4. The Cell Cycle

  5. InterphaseThe longest phase of the cell cycle • G1 phase – the growth phase, organelles increase in number, longest phase of interphase • S phase – chromosomes are replicated • G2 phase-cell continues to grow

  6. What is a Chromosome?

  7. MitosisThe Division of Chromosomes Specifically the chromosomes in somatic cells

  8. PMAT

  9. Prophase • Chromosomes shorten and thicken • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle fibers form • Centrioles move to opposite poles

  10. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up at equatorial plate • Attach to spindle fibers with centromere

  11. Anaphase • Chromosomes move towards poles

  12. Telophase • Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes

  13. Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm The cell membrane forms between the two new identical daughter cells

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