HUMAN GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

1. HUMAN GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION

2. WHY TEACH FAMILY LIVING? • 1. Today’s children & adolescents are face with many serious issues regarding their sexuality. • 2. They receive mixed messages about sexuality which can contribute to confusion. • 3. The amm. of media (TV,music videos & internet) - average of 6 hrs. 32 min. per day with various media.

3. TEEN PREGNANCY IN MT. • IN 08’ 1,312 live births among teens 19 yrs & younger • 82% of teen pregnancies are unplanned • Half of Mt’s HS students report having had sexual intercourse at least once. • Gallatin County figures: • 03-05’ 221 teen pregnancies • 06-08’ 267 pregnancies

4. COST OF EARLY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR • 1. Each yr. in the US 800,000-900,000 young women age 19 or younger become pregnant. • 2. Nearly 500,000 children are born to teen mothers each year. • 3. Most of these mom’s are unmarried & will end up poor & on welfare

5. Cost • 4. $40 billion spent each yr. to help families that began with a birth to a teenage mom. (includes hlt care, foster care, public assistance & lost tax revenue. • 5. Parenthood is a leading cause of HS dropout among teen girls

6. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE • 1.Less than 1/3 of teens who begin families before age 18 ever complete hs. • 2. Teen dads complete 1 less semester of school than dad’s who delay parenthood until @ least 21 yrs.

7. ACAD. PERFORM. • 3. Children of teen parents are 50% more likely to repeat a grade & to perform worse on standardized tests. • 4. They are also less likely to complete HS

8. RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR • 1. Live in a community where there is a high % of residents who are divorced or unemployed. • 2.Live in a comm. Where there is a high residential turnover • 3. Have parents that are divorced • 4. Are the youngest sibling

9. Risk Factors • 5. Have a single mother who dates frequently or who lives w/a partner • 6. Have peers who get poor grades • 7. Have peers who drink alcohol, are sexually active,use drugs or tob. • 8. Are black or Hispanic • 9. Date alone

10. Risk Factors • 10. Work in a paid job of over 20 hrs. a week. • 11. Have a greater levels of stress, depression & suicide ideation.

11. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • General understanding of both male & female reproductive systems • Only system in the body that has different organs for the female & male.

12. ENDOCRINE GLANDS • Ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Each of these glands has at least one particular function.

13. TEN ENDOCRINE GLANDS • 4 of these 10 endocrine glands instrumental for puberty to begin: • 1. Thyroid Gland - regulates metabolism,body heat & growth • 2. Hypothalamus - stimulates pituitary gland to secrete hormones • 3. Testes - male reproductive gland that produces sperm • 4. Ovaries - female reproductive glands that stores ova & produces female sex hormones

14. HORMONES • Chemical substances that are produced in glands & help regulate many of the body’s functions • For boys the release of testosterone • For girls the release of estrogen

15. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM VOCAB. • See diagram • Sperm • Testosterone • Testes • Scrotum • Penis • Semen

16. Male Changes During Puberty • Gain in height & weight • Growth & added muscle strength • Growth of body hair • Broadening of shoulders • Deepening of voice

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM VOCAB. • See diagram • Uterus = a muscular organ that nourishes & produces the fertilized ovum from conception until birth. • Ovaries Vagina • Ovulation Menstruation • Fallopian tubes Cervix

18. Female Changes During Puberty • Gain in height & weight • Breast enlargement • Growth in body hair • Onset of menstruation • Widening of hips

19. PUBERTY • A long process not a single event that includes both physical & emotional changes. • Can occur as early as 7 yrs. & as late as 18 yrs. • Takes boys 4-5 yrs to complete • Takes girls 3-4 yrs to complete

20. EARLY PUBERTY • Use to be 10-14 yr range now 6-8 yr’s • Girls more so than boys are affected • Correlation between higher body mass, race & ethnicity (African American & hispanic)

21. EARLY PUBERTY • Body mass is the single most persuasive indicator more so than race.

22. WHY is this occurring? • Speculation ………Preservatives phenols in plastics???? Genetics & Nutritional (poor nutrition)

23. Why Should we be concerned? • Because these girls mature earlier, the assumption is that they are older, they behave older, begin to drink, smoke & have earlier sexual contact.

24. Ideas to Help Families • Eating more produce • Eat together as a family – a way of monitoring the child • Physical activity

25. Puberty 50% of all boys & girls reach puberty before age 13. REMEMBER NOT ALL STUDENTS REACH PUBERTY AT THE SAME TIME!!!

26. EMOTIONAL SIDE OF PUBERTY • PRE ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCE ARE DIVERSE BECAUSE OF THEIR CHANGING HORMONE LEVELS. • Hormones can trigger: • Feelings of independence • Irritability, restlessness, anxiety, happiness, excitement & frustration

27. Sexuality education begun BEFORE youth are sexually active helps them to stay abstinent & to use protection when they become sexually active. • Abstinence Based Curriculum – see handout for terms & names used for ABC.

28. Abstinence Based • “These new programs will have strong emphasis on abstinence & delaying sexual activity, but they give young people the full range of information that we know young people need.” • Smith “Sexuality Information & Education Council of the United States

29. Smith quote……… • “It’s morally wrong to provide an abstinence –only –until –marriage message for sexually active kids. • Sen. Hatch (Utah) ”One thing is for certain, most parents, when given a choice, want their school age children to remain abstinent.”

30. Recent Trends • The birthrate for 15-19 yr olds has steadily increased in the past four yrs, after a 14 yr continuous decline. National Center for Health Statistics

31. “While contraceptives may reduce the risks for sexually transmitted diseases or getting pregnant, only abstinence prevents it.” Huber • While I do not like to use the term “abstinence only” to describe the program I support, because I do include contraceptives, discussion is always within a context of “why it’s better to abstain” Huber

32. GUIDELINES IN TEACHING FAMILY LIVING CLASSES • 1. Use proper terminology • 2. Don’t feel like you should know all of the answers - “I don’t know but will find the answer” • 3. Unexpected ?’s - don’t act shocked - they will be less likely to ask another shock ?.

33. 4.Teach only those topics that have been approved in the curr. by the board of education & administration. • 5. Activities should be structured to whenever possible to include the parents. Encourage students to discuss info with parents. • Have prepared ?’s on a worksheet for parents & children to discuss together.

34. SEXUALITY EDUC. TOPICS • Relationships • Families • Puberty • Growth & Dev. • Reproduction • Body Image • Gender roles

35. SCOPE OF SEXUALITY EDUC. • 1. Being able to participate in a warm & loving relationship. • 2. Celebrating self esteem & self identity of individuals. • 3. Practicing responsible decision making regarding the physical, emotional & social aspects of personal sexual health.

36. Other Important Topics • Communication • Decision making • Refusal Skills

37. Teachers Who Instruct This Age Level: • Need to be patient & understanding when interacting with this age. • One day happy & sensible next day depressed & irrational.

38. THE END!!!!