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2. Culture Statistics at the OECD. New special project Economic Importance of CultureFunded by a voluntary contribution from the Louise T. Blouin Foundation. 3. What is Culture?. AnthropologicalCulture is learned as a child and as children we learned from those around us a particular set of
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The Economic Importance of Culture John GordonCulture and Art-related Activities OECD Statistics Directorate Association for Cultural Economics International Vienna, July 8, 2006
2. 2 Culture Statistics at the OECD
New special project
Economic Importance of Culture
Funded by a voluntary contribution from the Louise T. Blouin Foundation
3. 3 What is Culture? Anthropological
Culture is learned as a child and as children we learned from those around us a particular set of rules, beliefs, priorities and expectations that moulded our world into a meaningful whole. That is culture.
Ruth Benedict in Patterns of Culture
4. 4 A Holistic View of Culture
5. 5 Artistic Culture of Particular Interest Ability to Reflect
Ability to Focus
Ability to Look across time
6. 6 Breadth of Impact The Impacts and significance of the arts and culture - as part of a continuum and ecosystem of creativity and innovation are now widely understood to reach far beyond intrinsic values and touch on matters . . . such as social cohesion, economic innovation, regeneration, the creative and knowledge economy, inward investment strategies, tourism and quality of life.
International Intelligence on Culture & Cultural Capital Ltd. & Partners
for Honk Kong Arts Development Council
7. 7 Economic Connections
Direct GDP Contribution of Culture Industries and Culture Institutions
Culture Tourism
Visit to Vienna in order to attend Mozart Celebrations
Culture Enhanced Tourism
62% of tourists to France chose France after seeing the country in a film
Culture Influenced Decisions
Choice of business location because of cultural amenities
8. 8 Does the Connection Go beyond Economics?
A healthy GDP
- requires
A productive workforce
- which requires
A healthy social environment
- which requires
9. 9 A Healthy Society What is it ?
Can we measure it ?
Do we need decision-making models that go beyond classical economics ?
Would the problems related Sustainable Development (for example) be less severe if a different decision model had been used ?
Are other models available ?
What would they look like ?
10. 10 Some Measures of Wellbeing Life expectancy
Ratio of days of peace to days of conflict
Suicide rates
Social cohesiveness
Health and vitality of arts & culture
11. 11 Potential Indicators Outputs / GDP / Jobs
Balance-of-trade in culture products and services
Diversity in multiple dimensions
Language fluency (official and other)
Domestic creation and production
Shelf space for domestic culture access
Local control of practices and policies
Citizen participation in cultural activities
Social Cohesion - Identity
Balance Society-wide composite indicator
12. 12 Quantitative Measures Define the scope of inclusion
Clearly understood
Standard classifications
Sufficient level of detail
Measurable
Policy relevant
Internationally comparable
13. 13 The Culture* Sector's Share Culture Contribution to GDP
Australia 3.3% (1998)
Canada 3.8% (2001)
UK 5.0 7.8% (2003)
Culture Portion of Labour Force
Australia 4.8% (2001)
Canada 3.7% (2002)
France 3.4% (2002)
UK 4.3 6.4% (2004)
14. 14 The Pesky * Classification Standards
ISIC
ACLC (ANZSIC)
NAICS
UK SIC
NACE
Even when separate classes exist, they not always in the same place in the structure
e.g., Australia: Antique sales in with Museums
Very often only part of a class is applicable
15. 15 The Pesky * (2) Some areas not always present
Advertising
Crafts
Design
Arts education
Festivals
Software, computer games
Religion
Sports
Tourism
16. 16 What We Know So Far - Negative Culture not is well served by most existing standard classifications
National Accounts often lack sufficient detail
Significant secondary cultural activity both industry and occupation
Volunteer activity not captured
Non-homogeneous activity and small isolated pockets require large samples/census
17. 17 What We Know So Far - Positive Considerable interest in many countries
A growing number of national frameworks
Broad agreement on major categories
Some satellite accounts do exist
Data/statistics are being produced
OECD prepared to become a player
18. 18 Whats Still to Come More data extractions and harmonisation
Occupation standards
Product classifications
Non-economic indicators
People don't necessarily get involved with culture for economic reasons therefore we should not expect to get a full measure of a cultures importance using economic indicators alone.
International Workshop
Paris: December 4-5, 2006
19. 19 Preliminary Themes Economic data/statistics, reliability, relevance to informing policy, comparability
Problems with classification structures, lack of sufficient detail, impurities, allocation factors, satellite accounts.
Social indicators of the health and vitality of the arts/culture sector. Measures of social cohesiveness, balance, . . .
Linkages: culture - wellbeing - environment - productivity -economy
20. 20 Thank You John Gordon
Culture and Art-related Activities
Statistics Directorate
OECD
Paris
Tel: +33 (0)1 45 24 14 74
E-mail: John.Gordon@oecd.org
Helen.Beilby-Orrin@oecd.org