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Introduction  GWSA Overview  Emissions Inventory 

Massachusetts Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA) and the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory August 2, 2012 Steven Clarke, EEA, Assistant Secretary for Energy Sharon Weber, MassDEP , Senior Technical Advisor . Introduction  GWSA Overview  Emissions Inventory . Agenda.

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Introduction  GWSA Overview  Emissions Inventory 

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  1. Massachusetts Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA) and the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory August 2, 2012Steven Clarke, EEA, Assistant Secretary for Energy Sharon Weber, MassDEP, Senior Technical Advisor • Introduction GWSA Overview  Emissions Inventory 

  2. Agenda • Introduction GWSA Overview  Emissions Inventory  3:00 pm Introduction and GWSA Overview 3:15 pm Massachusetts GHG Inventory 4:00pm Q&A/Discussion 4:30pm Adjourn

  3. Global Warming Solutions Act • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory  GWSA Legislation enacted in 2008 Requires EEA Secretary and MassDEP Commissioner to collaborate with other agencies to reduce GHG emissions to the limits established in M.G.L. Ch. 21N GHG emission reduction goals set at 25% below 1990 Baseline Levels by 2020 and 80% reduction by 2050 The legislation requires regulations to establish a GHG emissions registry and reporting system, and publication of an Inventory with comprehensive estimates of GHG emissions in the Commonwealth.

  4. GWSA Requirements - Highlights • Mandatory Reporting of GHG Emissions • Track Statewide GHG Emissions • Develop Limits and Plans to Achieve Statewide Reductions • Convene Advisory Committees http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/SessionLaws/Acts/2008/Chapter298 • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory 

  5. Reporting GHGEmissions to MassDEP • Requires the Reporting and Verification of GHG Emissions and Establishment of a Regional GHG Registry • Required Reporters: • Facilities that emit >5,000 tons/year in CO2e and certain other air pollution sources • Retail Electricity Sellers in Massachusetts • Other Facilities May Voluntarily Report GHG Emissions • 12/29/2008 – Promulgated Initial GHG Reporting Regulations • 7/1/2009 – Promulgated Comprehensive GHG Reporting Regulations • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory 

  6. Tracking Requirements • Determine 1990 Baseline statewide GHG emission level and project “Business As Usual” level in 2020 if no new measures imposed - 7/1/2009 • Every 3 years –Publish Statewide GHG Inventory, first inventory 12/31/2010 • Every 5 years –Publish a Report Regarding GWSA Implementation (1st due 1/1/2014) to include: • Costs, Impact on Low Income, Impact on Other Pollutants and Overall Social Benefits • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory 

  7. Develop Limits and Plans to Achieve Statewide Reductions • EEA required to set 2020 emission limit, of 10-25% below 1990 level of emissions, including plan to achieve limit – by 1/1/2011 (Goal is 25% emissions reduction & plan was completed 12/30/10) • GWSA also requires interim 2030 and 2040 limits and plans that maximize ability to meet 2050 limit & a 2050 limit that is at least 80% below 1990 level of emissions • MassDEP regulations for 2020 CECP to be promulgated by 1/1/2012 and Regulations to take effect by 1/1/2013 • Update plan every 5 years – Update due 12/31/2015 • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory 

  8. Advisory Committees • Climate Protection and Green Economy Act Advisory Committee provided advice on development of 2020 CECP • Adaptation Committee analyzed strategies for adapting to climate change – completed report 12/31/2009 • Implementation Advisory Committee now established to advise Secretary on 2020 CECP implementation • Members represent all sectors of the economy and key stakeholders, including commercial, industrial, manufacturing, transportation, low-income consumers, energy generation and distribution, environmental protection, energy, local government and academia • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory 

  9. GWSA Implementation • Introduction  GWSA Overview Emissions Inventory  Subcommittees currently developing workplans and metrics for each of the 28 strategies outlined in the 2020 Plan Draft workplans for review by IAC in September 2012 Strategy tracking and Performance Management System under development Ongoing development of GHG Inventory and evaluation of progress towards 2020 goals in terms of actual emission reductions across all sectors .

  10. Inventory vs. Strategy metrics • Inventory is the “gold standard” to determine whether the 2020 statewide emissions limit is met. • Metrics for each strategy in the Massachusetts Clean Energy and Climate Plan for 2020 (2020 CECP) will be useful estimates for general sense of progress on individual strategies. Metrics are being developed, considering: • How a strategy's sector is counted in the inventory • How a strategy's reductions were calculated for 2020 CECP • Available approximations • Metrics are not the topic of this webinar. • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  11. GWSA required a baseline 1990 GHG inventory • …determine the statewide greenhouse gas emissions level in calendar year 1990… not later than July 1, 2009 • “Statewide greenhouse gas emissions”, the total annual emissions …, including…from the generation of electricity delivered to and consumed in the commonwealth,… whether the electricity is generated in the commonwealth or imported… • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  12. GWSA requires ongoing triennial GHG inventories • … triennially publish a state greenhouse gas emissions inventory … for the last 3 years in which data is available • The first inventory … shall be published not later than December 31, 2010 • Only partial data were available for 2008 on 12/31/2010, but to publish as much data as possible, a Preliminary 2006-2008 Inventory was published and finalized later http://www.mass.gov/dep/air/climate/gwsa_docs.htm#implement • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  13. Making annual inventories available as quickly as possible • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  14. Making annual inventories available as quickly as possible • Partial annual draft spreadsheet shortly after 6/30 each year, when virtually 99% of data available. • Full annual draft spreadsheet in January/February of each year, when 100% of data available • Full 3–year final spreadsheet and document to comply with GWSA http://www.mass.gov/dep/air/climate/gwsa_docs.htm#inventory • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  15. Draft annual inventory publication • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  16. Full 3-year inventory publication • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  17. Inventory sectors and GHGs • Tracked: • Fossil Fuel Combustion: Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation, Electric Generation (CO2) • Electricity Imports (CO2, CH4, N2O) • Stationary & Mobile Combustion, Agriculture (CH4, N2O) • Natural Gas Systems (CH4) • Industrial Processes (CO2, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) • Waste (CO2, CH4, N2O) • Land Use Change and Sequestration (CO2) • Biomass (CO2, CH4, N2O) • Not tracked: • Embodied Emissions • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  18. Inventory methodology • State GHG Inventory Tool (SGIT) software by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses methodologies described in EPA's Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Sinks: 1990-2010http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html • MA developed methodologies for (details in http://www.mass.gov/dep/air/climate/ghg08inf.doc) : • Electricity imports (MA imports ¼ of electricity used) • Biomass combustion • Land use change • Sequestration • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  19. Transportation methodology tidbits • Volume of fuel used is the basis of transportation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions • Volume of fuel, fuel and vehicle types, and vehicle miles traveled are the bases of transportation methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  20. Electricity methodology tidbits • GHG from in-state MA electricity generators plus • A portion of GHG from generators in New England states (CT, ME, NH, RI, VT), in years that those states generated more electricity than they used plus • A portion of GHG from generators in adjacent control areas (New York, New Brunswick, Quebec), in years that New England received net imports of electricity from those control areas • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  21. Biogenic CO2 emissions • SGIT does not calculate CO2 emissions associated with biomass combustion by Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation (ethanol) or Waste sectors, on the logic that: • The fuel is harvested from biomass that regrows, thus recapturing CO2 • Any land that does not regrow biomass is accounted for in the Land Use change part of SGIT or other EPA GHG inventories • Biogenic CO2 emissions have been determined and reported in the GHG inventory • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  22. Land use change emissions & forest sequestration • Land Use changes can cause carbon captured in trees, grasses, roots, soils to be released • Forest growth can cause carbon to be sequestered • Land use change emissions and forest sequestration have been determined and reported in the GHG inventory • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  23. 1990 Baseline note • Biogenic CO2, Land Use Change Emissions and Forest Sequestration are not included in 1990 Baseline because: • To the extent that biomass harvested in MA is combusted in MA, associated CO2 emissions are double-reported in combustion and land use change emissions • Methodology to calculate land use change has evolved, MA has intermittent historical data • Quantity of carbon captured in land cover is the subject of much research that is ongoing • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  24. Embodied emissions • Embodied emissions are emissions associated with manufacturing products elsewhere and transporting them to Massachusetts • Not included in 1990 Baseline or later inventories because data not available and research is in its infancy • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  25. Massachusetts GHG emissions • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  26. Massachusetts GHG emissions by sector • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  27. Massachusetts GHG emissions by sector • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

  28. Inventory & determining compliance with 2020 CECP • Inventory is the “gold standard” to determine whether the 2020 statewide emissions limit is met. • 2020 partial draft inventory spreadsheet will be published summer 2022 • 2020 full draft inventory spreadsheet will be published early 2023 • 2020 final 3-year inventory spreadsheet and report will be published 12/31/2025 • Introduction  GWSA OverviewEmissions Inventory 

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