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THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION. 1910-1920. WHY?. The uneven distribution of wealth, uneven distribution of land, tied together into the formation of a society ruled by the elite, and paid for by the work of the peasant class. 1810-1821 WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE. MEXICO OVERTHROWS SPAIN

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THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

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  1. THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1910-1920

  2. WHY? • The uneven distribution of wealth, uneven distribution of land, tied together into the formation of a society ruled by the elite, and paid for by the work of the peasant class.

  3. 1810-1821 WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE • MEXICO OVERTHROWS SPAIN • 1821-PLAN OF IGUALA PROMISES EQUALITY FOR CITIZENS AND PROTECTS THE PRIVILEGES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

  4. Colonial rule & independence • Ancient civilizations- Aztec and Mayan • 3 centuries of Spanish rule • War of Independence 1810 - 1821

  5. First President • First President of Mexico • Guadalupe Victoria

  6. 1824 • CONSTITUTION THAT ESTABLISHES MEXICO AS A REPUBLIC WITH A FEDERAL SYSTEM. • 1836- TEXAS REPUBLIC BECOMES INDEPENDENT. • 1846-1848- MEXICAN WAR WITH U.S.- MEXICO LOSES HALF OF TERRITORY

  7. War between Mexico & U.S. • US invaded in 1847 • Mexico City was occupied • Mexico lost 2/3 of its territory

  8. 1854-1861-WAR OF REFORM • BENITO JUÁREZ AND OTHER LIBERALS OVERTHROW SANTA ANNA (REVOLUTION OF AYUTLA) • BENITO JUÁREZ – ZAPOTEC INDIAN FROM OAXACA- PRESIDENT.

  9. NAPOLEION II-FRENCH INTERVENTION • WANTS TO ESTABLISH EMPIRE • 30,000 FRENCH TROOPS ENTER MEXICO CITY • ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN SET UP AS EMPEROR (HAPSBURG)

  10. 1866-RESTORED REPUBLIC • FRANCE WITHDRAWS TROOPS • MAXIMILIAN EXECUTED and Juarez re-elected but dies soon after. • Cinco De Mayo- Battle in Puebla

  11. In 1876…PORFIRIATO • PORFIRIO DIAZ CAME TO POWER IN MEXICO. • HE WOULD RULE UNTIL 1911. • HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION…AND LITTLE REGARD FOR HUMAN RIGHTS.

  12. ORDER FOLLOWED BY PROGRESS • DIAZ, ALTHOUGH CLAIMING TO BELIEVE IN THE “NO CONSECUTIVE TERM” RULE CONTAINED IN THE CONSTITUTION, ONLY RELINQUISHED HIS RULE ONE TIME, AFTER HIS FIRST YEARS IN OFFICE. FROM THEN ON HE MANIPULATED EVERY ELECTION---FOR THE “GOOD OF MEXICO”.

  13. PORFORIO • MEXICO SAW GREAT GAINS IN INFRASTRUCTURE, AND INDUSTRY, AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT, PARTICULARLY BY THE U.S. • NO FREEDDOM OF THE PRESS • LAND , WEALTH, AND ACCESS TO EDUCATION WAS LIMITED TO A SMALL GROUP OF ELITE.

  14. DIAZ • In 1908, Diaz gave an interview to James Creelman, in which ha stated that Mexico was ready for democracy. He said he would step down and allow others to compete for the presidency. • He changed his mind, however, when the possibility of a new leader seemed to cause disruption. • He ran again in 1910- and was sure he could control the results as in the past.

  15. FRANCISCO I. MADERO • EDUCATED IN EUROPE AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • DECIDED TO RUN AGAINST DIAZ. • SIMILAR IN IDEOLOGY- BUT WANTED MORE POWER FOR THE ELITE IN POLITICS.

  16. DIAZ AGAIN • WHEN DIAZ REALIZED THE GROWING POPULARITY OF MADERO, HE HAD MADERO JAILED ON CHARGES OF CONSPIRACY TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT • ELECTION DAY- MADERO WAS IN JAIL • DIAZ WON…

  17. BEGINNING OF REVOLUTION • MADERO RELEASED- WENT TO U.S. • OCTOBER 5, 1910- ISSUES A LETTER FROM JAIL • PLAN DE SAN LUIS POTOSÍ- CALLING FOR “FREE SUFFRAGE AND NO RE-ELECTION” and FOR REVOLT- NOVEMBER 20

  18. Beginning of Revolution • MADERO MADE VAGUE PROMISES OF AGRARIAN REFORM • HE RECEIVED SUPPORT OF PEASANT CLASS • HIS OWN ARMY- WITH SUPPORT OF THE INDIANS HAD SOME SUCCESS AGAINST THE DÍAZ ARMY. • OTHER REVOLUTIONARIES JOINED.

  19. PANCHO VILLA in the North • Doroteo Arango Arámbula – BETTER KNOWN AS FRANCISCO “PANCHO” VILLA • As commander of the División del Norte (Division of the North), he was the veritable caudillo of the Northern Mexican state of Chihuahua, which, due to its size, mineral wealth and proximity to the United States of America gave him great popularity. • He was provisional Governor of Chihuahua in 1913 and 1914.

  20. VILLISTAS • VILLA AND HIS SUPPORTERS USED PROPAGANDA/ INTIMIDATION (FIRING SQUADS) • SEIZED HACIENDA LAND AND DISTRIBUTED IT TO THE POOR/ SOLDIERS • ROBBED TRAINS/ PRINTED FAKE MONEY

  21. THE CENTAURO OF THE NORTH • VILLA’S GROUP MOVED FAST- USING TRAINS/ AND AN ELITE CAVALRY UNIT LOS DORADOS (THE GOLDEN ONES) • AS A “COLORFUL” FIGURE, VILLA CAPTURED THE EYE OF THE MEDIA AND DEVELOPED AN ALMOST CULT FOLLOWING

  22. VILLA AND OROZCO • WON CONTROL OF CUIDAD JUAREZ- BORDERING THE RIO GRANDE • MAY 21, 1911 • TREATY OF CUIDAD JUÁREZ

  23. EMILIO ZAPATA in the South • STATE OF MORELOS • Born August 8, 1879, in Anenecuilco, Morelos. Was a mediero (sharecropper) and horse trainer. Conscripted into the army for seven years attaining the rank of sergeant. As president of the village council, he campaigned for the restoration of village lands confiscated by hacendados. His slogan was "Tierra Y Libertad." Zapata sided with Madero. .

  24. ¡Tierra y Libertad! • Between 1910 and 1919, Zapata continued his fight for land and liberty, rebelling against anyone who interfered with his Plan of Ayala which called for the seizure of all foreign owned land, all land taken from villages, confiscation of one-third of all land held by "friendly" hacendados and full confiscation of land owned by persons opposed to the Plan of Ayala.

  25. Madero • The rebel armies continued their push to oust Díaz. In May 1911, Díaz relinquished power and a provisional government was formed. On November 6, 1911, Madero was elected president of Mexico. However, the next 15 months proved difficult, with serious political opposition from remnants of the old-guard regime and the military.

  26. HUERTA • Huerta, who had been in league with Díaz all along, arrested Madero on February 17. He made Madero sign a resignation which designated Huerta as his successor, and then Madero and Vice-President Pino Suarez were killed on February 21, supposedly while “attempting to escape.” No one believed it: Huerta had obviously given the order and hadn't even gone to much trouble with his excuse. Once in power, Huerta disowned his fellow conspirators and attempted to make himself dictator in the mold of his old mentor, Porfirio Díaz.

  27. VENUSTIANO CARRANZA • AS PRESIDENT, HE ORGANIZED THE CONVENTION THAT WROTE THE CONSTITUTION OF 1917 THAT IS STILL IN PLACE TODAY. • EJIDO- AGRARIAN LAND COOPERATIVE REFORM- REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND – FROM WEALTHY TO THE PEASANTS

  28. VIDEO People video Mexican revolution 5min Storm that Swept Mexico

  29. Time Line Timeline

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