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The Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution . Lindsey Chmielewski Erin Cue Rachel Shipps. Mexican Revolution. Chronology Aftermath - Constitution of 1917 “Viva Zapata!”. Pre Revolution (1906-1911). 1876 - Lost presidential election, revolted & seized power. Maderno candidacy & arrest

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The Mexican Revolution

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  1. The Mexican Revolution Lindsey Chmielewski Erin Cue Rachel Shipps

  2. Mexican Revolution • Chronology • Aftermath - Constitution of 1917 • “Viva Zapata!”

  3. Pre Revolution (1906-1911) • 1876 - Lost presidential election, revolted & seized power. • Maderno candidacy & arrest • July 8, 1910 - Díaz is reelected • Oct, 1910 - Plan de San Luis Potosí • Nov. 20, 1910 Díaz

  4. First Phase (1911-1913) • May 25, 1911 - Díaz resigns • Oct, 1911 - Madero is elected president Madero • Nov, 1911 - Plan de Ayala Zapata

  5. Second Phase (1913-1914) • Ten Tragic Days (Feb 9-18) • Rebellion of Bernardo Reyes, Felix Díaz • Feb. 11 - Madero names Huerta commander of Plaza de Armas • Feb. 18 - Huerta betrays Madero • Feb. - Anti-Huerta organizing Huerta

  6. Third Phase (July 1914 - 1919) • July 1914 - Huerta resigns • Aug. 20 - Carranza enters Mexico City & assumes executive power • Sept. 23 - Villa declares war on Carranza • Oct. - Conventions • Oct 12 - Nov 12 - Convention of Aguascalientes Carranza

  7. Third Phase (July 191 4-1919) • Carranza claims Veracruz as capital • Nov. 23 - Villa & Zapata occupy Mexico City • 1915 - Carranza government is recognized by US • Jan. 11 - Villa executes 15 Americans in assault in San Isabel • 1916 - Villa raids Columbus, NM & kills 19 Americans Villa

  8. Third Phase (July 1914-1919) • March 15 - Pershing Punitive Expedition • Jan. 27, 1917 - Withdrawal of Expedition • Jan. 31 - Mexican Constitution • March 11 - Carranza elected president • April 10, 1919 - Zapata is assassinated Pershing

  9. Fourth Phase (1920) • June 1 - Obregón declares candidacy • April 2 - Carranza calls Obregón to Mexico City • April 20 - Obregón declares rebellion against Carranza • May 21 - Carranza is assassinated • Sept. 5 - Obregón elected president • July 20, 1923 - Villa is assassinated Obregón

  10. Constitutional Congress--Querétaro • Members of Congress had many revolutionary political and social ideas • Their views ranged from moderate to very radical. • The Constitution of 1917 was more radical than Carranza’s initial proposals. • Signed Jan 31, 1917 and published Feb 5. • The Constitution of 1917 - Jorge González Camarena

  11. Constitution of 1917 • First Revolutionary Constitution • Attempted to limit the power of the Catholic Church, foreign and national estate owners, and industrialists • Contained many articles that would go on to shape labor laws, but was not anti-capitalist • Established ejidos--communal land holdings

  12. Individual Guarantees • Article 3 • Primary education is obligatory and free. • Separation of religion and education so as to guarantee religious freedom.

  13. Article 27--Land • Ownership of land and waters belongs primarily to the nation • Transfer of direct control and privatization of property is subject to public interest. • Authorized the expropriation of large estates. • Subsoil rights are the exclusive domain of the nation (i.e. oil, mining) • Specified conditions for foreign ownership of land • Excluded the Church from owning property.

  14. Article 123--Labor and Social Security • Right to organize in trade unions granted as a social guarantee (first inclusion of such a law in the constitution of any country). • Right to strike. • Limits work hours, established a day of rest per week • Equal pay for equal work, compensation for work-related injuries, and hygienic working conditions • Sets limitations on work for women and children

  15. REALITY under the new Constitution • Following Obregón’s election (1920), state building begins • Much of the promised change found in the Constitution is not implemented • Revolutionary banditry becomes a more direct way to “take from the rich, give to the poor” without the government bureaucracy

  16. “Viva Zapata!” (1952) • Directed by Elia Kazan; screenplay by John Steinbeck; starring Marlon Brando and Anthony Quinn (best supporting actor) • Unique among American movies set at the time of the Revolution; most used the conflict as backdrop for Westerns • Mainly true to the events of Zapata’s life, and placed appropriate emphasis on land as his priority • Governmental turmoil, open-ended warfare and disillusionment represented • Storyline romanticized

  17. References • http://zedilloworld.presidencia.gob.mx/PAGES/culture/note_5feb.html • http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/rev/constitu.html • http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html • http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_travel/acogan/acbkzapata.html • http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/VivaZapata-1022925/about.php.html

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