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Tourism Revision

A comprehensive revision of key points in tourism, covering reasons for global increase, economic importance, impacts, and strategies. Includes questions for knowledge check.

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Tourism Revision

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  1. Tourism Revision -We will revise the main points in the Tourism Topic -We will know how to use questions as part of our revision

  2. Knowledge Check List • Reasons for global increase in tourism • Potential of cities, mountains and coasts for tourism development • Economic importance of tourism to contrasting parts of the world • Contribution of tourism to the UK economy • Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK • Tourist area/ resort life cycle model • The meaning of mass tourism • The positives and negatives of mass tourism • Strategies for maintaining tourism and reducing the impacts of it • The attraction of extreme environments • The impact of tourism on extreme environments • The need for stewardship and conservation • How tourism can help sustainable development

  3. Growth in Tourism

  4. Growth in Tourism Why is tourism growing? Why are some areas getting more popular? 1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3)

  5. Growth in Tourism Why is tourism growing? Why are some areas getting more popular? 1) Improvement in transport 2) Better marketing 3) Improved infrastructure 1) More disposable income around the globe 2) More paid holiday / holiday entitlement 3) Travel is cheaper / Technology is better 4) Holiday Providers and range of holiday destinations up 5) Media / TV

  6. What’s the attraction?

  7. What’s the attraction?

  8. Theory- Importance of Tourism • Creates jobs for local people which helps the economy grow • Increase the income of businesses that supply tourism • Important to rich and poor countries in bringing in money and jobs • Poorer countries are more dependent on tourism (UK 3% of GNP Vs 15% of Kenya)

  9. Questions... Give two reasons why tourism is an important economic activity (2 marks). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Contrast the economic importance of tourism in rich and poor countries (2 marks). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  10. UK Tourism Churches, Cathedrals & Castles Countryside and Historic Landmarks £114 billion into UK economy & 1.4 million jobs Half of visitors to UK go to London

  11. Explain why the UK is a popular tourist destination. (4 marks) Key Ideas: -Transport links & infrastructure -Attractions -Marketing ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  12. Explain the factors that lead to increasing and decreasing tourism in the UK • Cheap package flights to the Mediterranean since 1970 allowed UK working classes the chance of guaranteed hot sunny weather. • Higher expectations by the paying public. • Traditional bucket and spade holidays lose their fashionable appeal. • Longer holidays allow fortnight bookings, encouraging overseas holidays. • Lack of investment from local authorities causes the infrastructure to become run-down eg flaky paintwork and graffiti – discouraging future visits.

  13. Annotate the Butler Life Cycle Model Time Key Ideas: Exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, rejuvenation, decline

  14. UK Case Study: Blackpool Stages: • 1860s – seaside becomes fashionable for the affluent/wealthy as railways make coastal resorts accessible. • 1890s – Day trippers include factory workers helped with bank holiday excursion trains. • 1920s – One week factory holidays increases the tourists/staying visitors. • 1950s – increased paid holidays with a post-war economic boom. • 1970s – decline due mainly to overseas package tours. • 1980s – resort either:- • declines eg Herne bay; • rejuvenates itself eg Blackpool • Uncovers niche market eg oyster festival at Whitstable

  15. UK Case Study: Blackpool To counter the Mediterranean competition Blackpool now:- • Offers wet weather facilities such as indoor swimming pools, • Extended the ‘illuminations’ season through until November, • Diversified with year round activities such as Business Conferences, • Built a range of night clubs to successfully tap into the ‘stag-do-hen-party’ market, • Expanded the range of rides such as the rollercoaster.

  16. UK Case Study: Blackpool • Voted UK’s favourite seaside resort • Winter Illuminations ‘breathtaking’ • 1.3 million visitors at least per year • 19,000 tourist related jobs NB Football team gaining promotion into the Premier League helps.

  17. Mass Tourism • Definition: refers to the act of large numbers of people staying in the same place such as the Spanish Costas in the 1970s and 80s.

  18. Mass Tourism “Mass tourism is organised tourism for large numbers of people.”

  19. Mass Tourism “Mass tourism is organised tourism for large numbers of people.”

  20. Increasing Tourism and Reducing the Impact Ways to reduce negative impacts: Maintaining Tourism B R A C I O 1. 2. 3.

  21. Increasing Tourism and Reducing the Impact Ways to reduce negative impacts: Maintaining Tourism Build new facitlites Reduce impacts that make tourism less effective Advetise and market Cheaper to visit Improve transport infrastructure Offer new activites 1. Improve public transport less congestion & pollution 2. Limit numbers to sensitive sites 3. Provide bins for litter

  22. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment) Attractions Damage to the Environment Extreme Tourism Reasons for Increasing

  23. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment) Trees cut down for fuel Footpath erosion Different & exciting Adventure holidays Risk Water pollution- Sewage Deforestation destroys habitats Scenery Attractions Wildlife Damage to the Environment Extreme Tourism Adverts & TV programmes Reasons for Increasing Deforestation leads to flooding Improved transport More disposable income Less roots leads to soil erosion Last chance to see

  24. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment): Case Study - Antartica Why? scenery, wildlife, activities like cruises, kayaking, climbing, helicopter rides. Why has it increased in popularity? more thrill seekers, more activities, more accessible, appeals to tourists, ship sizes increased. 9000 tourists in 1992 has grown to 37000 in 2006 and 46000 in 2008 and the numbers are expected to double over the next 10 years. 100+ companies offer extreme holidays to Antartica. Impacts: sea pollution, littering, fragile resources. Sustainability: supervision of tourists means; no littering, no contact with animals, no walking on lichens, no trespassing, permit must be gained for activities. can be more sustainable by increasing the amount of people per boat and increasing the amount of supervisors.

  25. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment): Case Study - Antartica Glacial landscapes , wildlife – seals whales and penguins 6700 in 1992 45,000 in 2009 Why go? Visitor Numbers Cruise Ships 1000-5000 researchers a year Case Study: Tourism in Antartica/Southern ocean Over-flights Damage – natural causes Camping Code of conduct Naturalist, photographers, journalists Sustainable management Over flying causing stress Impacts No litter Foot prints remain for a long time Antarctic tourism shows environmental concern Tern colonies suffer disturbances Scott Polar research

  26. Ecotourism viewing small benefits environment local responsibility protecting conserving harm Tourism that does not __________ the environment and __________ the __________ people Involves: Conservation: __________ & managing __________ Stewardship: Taking __________ for __________ environment Should involve local people & local organisations Normally __________ scale with a small number of tourists Activities often involve wildlife __________ and walking

  27. Ecotourism • Tourism that does not harm the environment and benefits the local people • Involves: • Conservation protecting & managing environment • Stewardship Taking responsibility for conserving environment • Should involve local people & local organisations • Normally small scale with a small number of tourists • Activities often involve wildlife viewing and walking

  28. Review... • Reasons for global increase in tourism • Potential of cities, mountains and coasts for tourism development • Economic importance of tourism to contrasting parts of the world • Contribution of tourism to the UK economy • Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK • Tourist area/ resort life cycle model • The meaning of mass tourism • The positives and negatives of mass tourism • Strategies for maintaining tourism and reducing the impacts of it • The attraction of extreme environments • The impact of tourism on extreme environments • The need for stewardship and conservation • How tourism can help sustainable development

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