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Unit 4: Demography

This unit explores the fundamentals of demography, focusing on population characteristics and trends. Key terms include birth rate, death rate, immigration, and migration. The natural increase rate is calculated as the difference between birth and death rates, while net migration reflects the balance of incoming and outgoing populations. Different patterns of population distribution—uniform, random, and clustered—are analyzed. Practical applications of these concepts in identifying community needs and examples for each distribution type are discussed, enhancing comprehension of human geography.

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Unit 4: Demography

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  1. Unit 4: Demography The Study of Human Geography

  2. What is Demography and what does it examine?

  3. Demographic Terms: • Population: A group of people (any size) • Birth Rate (BR): The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population • Death Rate (DR): The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population • Natural Increase Rate (NIR): BR-DR • Immigrant: A person who is coming IN TO a population • Immigration Rate (IR): The number of immigrants per 1,000 people in a population • Emigrant: A person who is LEAVING a population • Emigration Rate (ER): The number of migrants per1,000 people in a population • Migration: The act of travelling from one place to another (to live) • Net Migration Rate (NMR): IR-ER • Population Growth: NIR+NMR • Population Distribution: How populations are spread out within a space or area

  4. Population Distribution • Uniformed or Regular Distribution • An evenly dispersed population • Frequency is even throughout • Example: A full hotel, apartment or dorm with units of equal size.

  5. Population Distribution • Random or Irregular Distribution • An unevenly dispersed population • Frequency varies throughout • Example: A half-full hotel, pedestrians on the sidewalk, the impact of raindrops in a storm.

  6. Population Distribution • Clustered or Aggregated Distribution • An unevenly dispersed population, grouped together • Frequency varies between very dense and very sparse • Example: The population of Canada, people at a mall or cafeteria, The locations of active volcanoes on the Earth.

  7. Population Distributions • What is the distribution of the population in this class? • Arrange yourselves into a clustered distribution • Arrange yourselves into a regular distribution • Arrange yourselves into an irregular distribution

  8. Global Population Distribution (Human)

  9. Population Distribution of Canada (Human)

  10. Using Population Distribution to Identify Needs

  11. Using Population Distribution to Identify Needs

  12. Independent Work: • Give your own examples of: • A regular distribution • An irregular distribution • A clustered distribution • For each kind of distribution, think of an application for studying population distributions

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