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A Flawed Peace

A Flawed Peace. Sec 4. The Allies Meet and Debate. Paris Peace Talks at Versailles January 18, 1919 One year conference 32 nations represented. The Big Four US – Woodrow Wilson France – Georges Clemenceau GB – David Lloyd George Italy – Vittorio Orlando

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A Flawed Peace

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  1. A Flawed Peace Sec 4

  2. The Allies Meet and Debate • Paris Peace Talks at Versailles • January 18, 1919 • One year conference • 32 nations represented

  3. The Big Four • US – Woodrow Wilson • France – Georges Clemenceau • GB – David Lloyd George • Italy – Vittorio Orlando • Russia and Germany not included • Could this pose a problem?

  4. Wilson’s Plan for Peace • Jan 1918 • Fourteen Points • First Four • end to secret treaties • freedom of seas • free trade • reduced armies and navies

  5. 5th - adjustment of colonial claims w/fairness to colonial peoples • 6-13 • specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations • Goal is self-determination • Allowing people to decide best gov’t for themselves • 14 – proposed “general association of the nations”

  6. The Versailles Treaty • Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace • GB and France show little sign of agreement with WW • Concerned w/nat’l security • Wanted to strip Germany of war-making power • France wanted to punish Germany

  7. Treaty of Versailles • Signed June 28, 1919 • Created League of Nations

  8. League of Nations • International association w/goal of keeping peace among nations • Five Allied powers are permanent members of Executive Council • US, GB, France, Italy, Japan • General Assembly • 32 Allied and neutral nations • Germany excluded • Russia left out

  9. Treaty punished Germany • Germany loses substantial amount of land • Severe restrictions placed on military • Article 231 – War Guilt Clause • Sole responsibility for war placed on Germany • Forced to pay reparations to other nations

  10. Germany’s territories in Africa and the Pacific declared mandates • Territories administered by League of Nations • League would govern until judged ready for independence

  11. A Troubled Treaty • Creation of New Nations • Separate treaties signed w/Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire • Austria-Hungary • Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia

  12. Ottoman Turks retain Turkey • Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan – British mandates • Syria, Lebanon – French • Russia loses land • Poland, Romania, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

  13. “A Peace Built on Quicksand” • Treaty did little to build peace • US rejected treaty • Didn’t like League of Nations idea • Germany left w/legacy of bitterness and hatred • War Guilt Clause

  14. Countries felt cheated and betrayed • People in mandates angry about disregard for independence • Japan and Italy angry about not gaining enough

  15. Legacy of the War • War’s Extreme Cost • 8.5 million soldiers died • 21 million wounded • Civilians die b/c of starvation, disease, slaughter • $338 billion • Destroyed farmland • Homes, villages, towns

  16. A Lost Generation • Disillusionment felt by survivors • Insecurity and despair

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