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A Flawed Peace

The Treaty of Versailles. A Flawed Peace. Paris Peace Conference. Held at Palace of Versailles in January 1919 Delegates from 32 countries Germany & its allies AND Russia were left out The Big Four: U.S.- Wilson Britain- George France- Clemenceau Italy- Orlando.

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A Flawed Peace

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  1. The Treaty of Versailles A Flawed Peace

  2. Paris Peace Conference • Held at Palace of Versailles in January 1919 • Delegates from 32 countries • Germany & its allies AND Russia were left out • The Big Four: • U.S.- Wilson • Britain- George • France- Clemenceau • Italy- Orlando

  3. You are a representative at the Paris Peace Conference • Blame: who is to be assigned blame for the war? • Why?

  4. Cost of the War • Who should pay for the cost of the war? • Actual cost $338 billion • millions soldiers dead/wounded • Central Powers: 15.4 million • Allies: 22 million • *5 million civilians dead • 21 million soldiers wounded

  5. Germany’s Military • Should Germany be allowed to keep a military? If so, what should they be allowed? • Military? Navy? Army? • Soldiers? • Uboats? Other ships? • Weapons? • Poison Gas? • Airplanes? • Much more…

  6. Colonies • What should happen to the colonies of Germany & Turkey? • A. Britain & France should divide up and control the colonies of Turkey & Germany • B. Germany & Turkey should be allowed to keep their colonies • C. All German & Turkish colonies should be allowed to govern themselves as independent nations • D. Other?

  7. Rhineland • Rhineland • The area that lies on the German side of the border with France • What should happen to the Rhineland? • A. Allies take control of the area not allowing German military to have any presence there • B. Allow Germans to keep control of the area • C. France and Germany share the area equally • D. Other?

  8. The Big Four’s Goals • U.S.- Woodrow Wilson: • a lasting and just peace • Britain- George: • reduce Germany’s military power • France- Clemenceau: • punish Germany! • Italy- Orlando- • sought territory for Italy

  9. Wilson’s 14 Points • Wilson wanted to create a lasting & just peace • Fourteen points (his fair plan for peace) • End to secret treaties • Reduce national armies & navies • Make changes to colonies to benefit the colonial people • Changing borders & creating new nations • *self-determination: allowing people to decide for themselves the gov’t they want to live under • 14th point: create a League of Nations, an organization that could find peaceful solutions to conflicts in the world

  10. Treaty of Versailles • Signed exactly 5 years after assassination of Archduke FF • 1. Germany is to accept full responsibility for the war • “war guilt” clause • 2. Germany will pay Allies $33 billion in war reparations • 3. Germany will reduce its military, forbidden to make weapons, no submarines or air force • 4. Germany will give up all colonies to France & Britain • 5. German military can be nowhere near the Rhineland • 6. Germany gives Alsace-Lorraine territory back to France

  11. Aftermath • Treaty creates bitterness & feelings of betrayal • New nations are created (Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia…) • Ottoman Empire is forced to give up all territory to Allies, only allowed Turkey • Since Russia left war early, they are forced to give up land • Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania-independent nations • Poland & Romania- independent nations • Japan & Italy did not get as much territory as they wanted • Joined to gain territory • Look on p.426: what new nations were formed after WWI?

  12. League of Nations • U.S. Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles b/c League of Nations • Thought it would lead to future U.S. involvement in European wars • “A peace built on quicksand”

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