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A Flawed Peace: The Allies Meet & Debate

This section focuses on the meeting and debate among key leaders during the peace talks after World War I. The dominant figures, known as the Big Four, include Woodrow Wilson (US President), Georges Clemenceau (French ruler), David Lloyd George (Great Britain), and Vittorio Orlando (Italy). Wilson's Plan for Peace, which includes the Fourteen Points outlining lasting world peace, free trade, an end to secret alliances, and self-determination, is discussed. The Versailles Treaty, with opposition from Britain and France who strive to punish Germany, is signed. It establishes the League of Nations, an international organization for peacekeeping, places blame on Germany for the war and enforces reparations. The creation of new nations and changes in Europe's borders due to the treaty are also highlighted. However, the treaty's terms create bitterness and feelings of betrayal, especially in Germany, and face opposition in the US and from former colonies. Japan and Italy express dissatisfaction as they receive less land than desired.

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A Flawed Peace: The Allies Meet & Debate

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  1. A Flawed Peace Section 13-4

  2. The Allies Meet & Debate Key Leaders come together • The Big 4 dominate the peace talks • US President – Woodrow Wilson • French ruler – Georges Clemenceau • David Lloyd George of Great Britain • Vittorio Orlando - Italy

  3. Wilson’s Plan for Peace • Wilson proposes Fourteen Points – outline for lasting world peace • Calls for free trade & end to secret alliances & military build ups • Promotes self-determination – right of people to govern their own nation • Envisions international peace keeping body to settle world disputes

  4. The Versailles Treaty • Britain & France oppose Wilson’s ideas, they want to punish Germany • Allies & Germany sign the Treaty in June 1919 • Creates the League of Nations – international organization to maintain peace • Blames Germans for war, forces Germany to pay damages to nations (reparations) • League to rule German colonies until they’re deemed to be ready for independence

  5. The Creation of New Nations • The Versailles Treaty & the peace accords change the look of Europe • Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire all lose lands • Former Ottoman lands in Southwest Asia turn into mandates n/ independent • Russia gives up land for new independent nations in Central Europe (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania)

  6. A Peace Built on Quicksand • The Treaty of Versailles creates feeling of bitterness on both sides • German people feel bitter & betrayed after taking blamed for the war • America never signs the Treaty of Versailles • Many Ams. Oppose the League of Nations & involvement w/ Europe • Some former colonies express anger over n/ winning independence • Japan & Italy criticized agreement gain less land than they wanted.

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