1. A Flawed Peace

2. Paris Peace Conference (1/18/1919) at the Palace of Versailles • 32 delegates, but “The Big Four” made the most decisions • Woodrow Wilson, US • George Clemenceau, France • David Lloyd George, GB • Vittorio Orlando, Italy **Russia and the Central Powers NOT present**

3. Fourteen Points • Wilson- 14 points • First 5- end to secret treaties, freedom of seas, free trade, and reduced armies and navies5th adjustment of colonial claims • Self-determination (people decide for themselves under what government they wished to live • 14th- “general association of nations”

4. Britain and France angry • Did not want peace, wanted to PUNISH Germany (France is were most of the fighting took place) • TREATY OF VERSAILLES • League of Nations created (US, GB, France, Japan, and Italy to be permanent members) • Germany and Russia left out

5. Treaty of Versailles • Treaty PUNISHED Germany (Article 231, the “war guilt” clause • Pay for all reparations to the Allies $33 bil in 30 years • All Germany’s territories were declared mandates, or territories to be administered by the LON until ready for independence • Germany returns Alsace-Lorraine to France, French border extended • Military Restrictions: Limits set on size of German army, prohibited from importing or manufacturing weapons or war material, forbidden to built/buy submarines or have an airforce

6. Creation of New Nations • Western powers signed separate peace treaties with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire • Led to huge land losses for the Central Powers • Austria-Hungary became Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia • Ottoman Empire forced to give up everything except Turkey. Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan (British controlled mandates), and Syria and Lebanon (French controlled mandates • Russia suffered land loss- Romania and Poland gained Russia territory. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became independent nations

9. A Peace Built on Quicksand • 1. US rejected treaty (Stay out of European Affairs) • 2. Germany- bitter and hateful • 3. Other countries angry that they did not receive independence. Mandate system=disguise for colonialism • 4. Japan and Italy entered the war to gain territory and received less than they wanted • League of Nations could not do anything b/c US not in it

10. Legacy of the War • Extreme Cost- • 8.5 million soldiers die • 21 million wounded • Death of countless civilians from starvation, disease, and slaughter (an entire generation wiped out) • $338 billion, acres of farmland, homes, and villages destroyed • A Lost Generation- • Disillusionment settled over the survivors • Despair • Immediate Impact: Russian Revolution