1 / 17

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are composed of rings of 4 or 5 carbons with H ydrogens and O xygens attached to the carbon atoms The basic building block of carbohydrates is glucose. Carbohydrate Functions. Carbohydrates are used for energy production, energy storage, and cell structure.

lynsey
Télécharger la présentation

Carbohydrates

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are composed of rings of 4 or 5 carbons with Hydrogens and Oxygensattached to the carbon atoms The basic building block of carbohydrates is glucose

  2. Carbohydrate Functions • Carbohydrates are used for energy production, energy storage, and cell structure.

  3. Sugars and Complex Carbohydrates • Glucose is the main food molecule used by most living things: other molecules are converted to glucose before being used to generate energy. Glucose can also be assembled into starch and cellulose. • Complex Carbohydrates: Some is structural: the cellulose of plant cell walls and fibers is a polysaccharide composed of many glucose molecules. The chitin that covers insects and crustaceans is another glucose polymer (with a bit of modification). Some is food storage: starch and its animal form glycogen. Also glucose polymers, but linked differently: we have enzymes that can digest starch. We animals store glycogen in the liver as a ready source of glucose, the basic food molecule needed by all cells.

  4. Lipids (Fats) • An Important Molecule for Living Things

  5. Sources of Fatsin Our Diet BAD Red Meat Butter Cheese OK Olive Oil Canola Oil Avocado GOOD Salmon Nuts Flaxseed Oil

  6. Basic Structure • Two Parts: • Glycerol Head: • hydrophilic: attracted to water • Fatty Acid Tails: • hydrophobic: not attracted to water Glycerol Fatty acid

  7. Four Main Types of Lipidsand their functions • Fats: energy storage and insulation • Phospholipids: biological membranes • Waxes: waterproofing and protection • Steroids: hormones/messaging

  8. Proteins An important molecule for your body

  9. Where can you get proteins?

  10. Why do you need protein? • Transports materials across cell membrane • Protects bones • Builds cartilage • Builds muscle • Helps chemical reactions in your body (enzymes)

  11. What are the subunits (monomers) of proteins? • AMINO ACIDS

  12. Talk about ways that proteins are different than carbohydrates Think about sources, subunits, and functions.

  13. Nucleic Acids • Made of CHONP • Building blocks are called nucleotides • Functions: • Storing genetic information • Transmitting genetic information • Protein building code

  14. Molecules are organized into organelles • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Chloroplast • Ribosome

  15. Organelles Compose Cells • Cells themselves are made of smaller parts called organelles (mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, ribosome, cell membrane)

  16. Organization of matter in living things • Cell = the basic unit of life’s organization • Eukaryotes = multi-celled organisms containing internal structures (organelles) • Plants, animals, fungi, protists • Ribosomes synthesize proteins • Mitochondria extract energy from sugars and fats • Nucleus houses DNA • Prokaryotes = single-celled organisms lacking organelles and a nucleus

  17. Matter is organized in a hierarchy of levels, from atoms through cells through organ systems Hierarchy of matter in organisms

More Related