Standard 13

1. Standard 13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era.

2. A

3. Upton Sinclair • He wrote The Jungle about the meatpacking industry. • He was attempting to change the working conditions but instead changed the way that our country processed its meat. • The government started to monitor the meatpacking industry after this point.

4. What was The Jungle? • A nickname given to the Philippines by US soldiers who fought there. • The title of a book by Jacob Riis that described the horrible living conditions of immigrants. • The title of a secret telegram sent from Germany to Mexico. • A novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry.

5. What resulted from the outrage caused by the publication of Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle? • The book was banned from libraries. • There was a backlash against labor union organizers. • There were further restrictions placed on civil liberties. • The federal government began oversight of the meat-packing industry.

6. B

7. Social Reforms • Settlement House workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelly worked to get laws passed for social justice • They lobbied for: women’s suffrage, better schools, juvenile courts, more liberal divorce laws, safety regulations for workers and tenements

8. Hull House • It was created by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr to provide services to the community. • They believed that for social workers to be able to help a neighborhood or community they had to live in the area with the people they were trying to help.

9. “She was nothing short of an angel. If it were not for her founding Hull House and fighting for the rights of the poor and those desperate souls born in foreign lands, God only knows how many would have turned to crime or even perished.” The above quote is talking about • Carrie Nation • Jane Addams • Ida Tarbell • W.E.B. DuBois

10. What role did Jane Addams play in the Progressive Era? • She provided nursing care to tenement dwellers in New York City. • She helped lobby for the Seventeenth Amendment. • She focused on the needs of poor people living in Chicago. • She formed the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)

11. C

12. Created the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881. He urged his students to try and become skilled in a trade and to put aside the desires of political equality. He felt that African Americans would gain acceptance through economics in stead of politics. His message appealed to many African Americans and also calmed whites worries about educated African Americans trying to seek equality in society. Dubois argued that the brightest African Americans had to step forward to lead their people in their quest for political and social equality and civil rights. He wanted African Americans to get an advanced liberal arts education instead of getting a vocational education. He urged African Americans to take pride in both their African and American heritages. He worked closely with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He became the best-known black leader of the early 20th century. Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. Dubois

13. Jim Crow The system of legal segregation.

14. Plessy v. Ferguson • The Supreme Court decision in 1896 that set up the idea of separate-but-equal. • This decision allowed for legal segregation of blacks and whites.

15. Lynching • It increased across the country as whites worked to keep African Americans from exercising their rights. • Between 1882 and 1892, an estimated 1200 African Americans were lynched.

16. The NAACP worked hard throughout the time to try and gain equality for African Americans.

17. Which of the following actions would be illegal under Jim Crow laws? • White citizens joining the NAACP. • African Americans receiving PhDs. • Progressives supporting segregation. • Blacks and whites riding together on a train.

18. Jim Crow laws were passed by southern legislatures following Reconstruction. What was the purpose of Jim Crow laws? • To expand the rights of African Americans. • To ensure segregation of African Americans in southern society. • To force compliance with the 14th and 15th Amendments. • To prohibit southerners from disenfranchising African Americans.

19. D

20. The Muckrakers • These forerunners to investigative journalists used the print media to spread news about the evils and ills of big business and corrupt government • By 1910 the power of the muckrakers was in decline • Banks that financed the magazines were telling them to tone down the criticism and also the sensationalism was getting tough to top • Muckrakers included: • Ida Tarbell: “The history of Standard Oil Company” (1902) • Lincoln Steffans: Shame of the Cities (1904) • Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives (1890) • Frank Norris: The Octopus and The Pit- Novels

21. Ida Tarbell is best described as a • Social worker. • Muckraker. • Progressive politician. • Founding member of the NAACP.

22. In 1906, Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Both laws were in response to industry practices exposed by • Muckrakers • Political machines • Corrupt politicians • Company presidents

23. Muckrakers, like Ida Tarbell, hoped to • Oversee the Tennessee Valley Authority • Stop ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment • Expose abuses in business and corruption in politics • Improve methods of mass production

24. E

25. Political Reforms in the Cities and States Changes in Voter Participation • Secret Ballot- by 1910 all states were holding secret ballots • Direct Primaries- candidates are chosen by party members voting instead of by party bosses • Direct election of U.S. Senators- the 17th Amendment required direct election of Senators • Initiative, Referendum, Recall- • Initiative- voters can force a bill to be considered • Referendum- Voters directly decide on a proposed law • Recall- Voters can remove corrupt or unsatisfactory politicians

26. Tenements • These were crowded apartment buildings with poor standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort. • As numerous tenements were built in an area it would become a slum. • Disease and fire were constant threats.

27. Jacob Riis • Riis was a writer who documented the tenement conditions in his book, How the Other Half Lives. • Due to the graphic nature of his writing and the pictures he had of the tenements, he was able to get New York State to pass the first laws to improve tenements.

28. The Seventeenth Amendment was added to the Constitution thanks largely to the efforts of • Expansionists. • Isolationists. • The League of Nations. • Progressives.

29. Which of the following progressive reforms allows voters to accept or reject legislative proposals? • Recall • Initiative • Referendum • Seventeenth Amendment

30. The Seventeenth Amendment calls for the election of United States senators by • The people. • State legislators. • Only other senators. • Registered progressives.

31. Homework • Page 516: 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 13 • Page 542: 1, 3, 5, 9, and 10 • Page 582: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15, and 16 You do not need to write out the questions.