Understanding the Periodic Table: Properties and Patterns of Elements

1. The Periodic Table I can use the periodic table to predict the properties of elements based on the patterns of their valence electrons.

2. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code • The Periodic Law- __________ and __________ properties repeat in a predictable way, when elements are arranged in order of increasing ___________ ______________. • physical property- a characteristic of matter than can be ______________or measured without changing the sample’s composition. (density, color, melting point) • chemical property- the ability or inability of a substance to _______________with or change into one or more new substances (reaction with water)

3. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code Each horizontal row is called a __________. Elements in the same period have their valence electrons in the same energy level Ex: Na, Mg, P, Ar have their valence electrons in the ____________ principal energy level

4. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code Elements in the same column are called __________ or families, numbered 1-18. Elements in the same group have the same number of___________ __________, (in red)

5. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code • Elements are divided by a “____________” line into metals, non-metals and metalloids • Elements to the ________ of the “stair step” line are ____________ • Can be _________ (brittle/powdery), _________ or ___________ • _________ conductors of electricity • Elements to the _______ of the line are _________, except for ______________, which is a non-metal • Usually _________- Mercury (Hg) is the exception, which is a __________ at room temperature • _________(shiny), _________ (bendable) • __________ conductor of electricity

6. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code • Elements that _______ the line are called ________________. • Share properties with _______ metals and non-metals • ___________ is a common metalloid, used in ___________ ______

7. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code • The Periodic Table can be split into regions that show the _________ that contain the elements’ highest energy valence electrons. • s block- group ___ and ____ • All elements in this block have their valence electrons in an s sublevel • Li has 1 valence electron in the 2s sublevel, Be has 2 electrons in the 2s sublevel • p block- groups ____-_____ • All elements in this block have an either partially or fully filled p sublevel. • Group 18 elements, the ________ ________are unique because they have completely filled s and p sublevels. This makes them very stable. • d block- groups ________(transition metals) • f block- lanthanides and actinides

8. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code • Elements that have the same number of ________ _________tend to ______ in the same way. • Group I: ________ __________(excluding hydrogen) • ____ valence electron in___ sublevel • Very reactive with ______ and _____ • Combine easily with __________ to make _______ • Group 2:____________ _________ ____________ • ___ valence electrons in ____ sublevel • Reactive with air and water

9. The Periodic Table- Cracking the Code • Group 3- Group 12: _________________ _________________ • Number of valence electrons varies • React with many elements to make______________ _________ • Group 17: _________________ • _____ valence electrons • Highly reactive with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals to produce_______ • Group 18: _________ ____________ • _____ valence electrons • __________________