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Exploring the Animal Kingdom: Basics of Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Dive into the fundamentals of the Animal Kingdom, exploring the differences between vertebrates and invertebrates. Learn about the significance of endoskeletons and exoskeletons, and understand symmetry in organisms, including radial and bilateral forms. Discover the fascinating world of invertebrates, including sponges (Porifera), jellyfish (Cnidarians), flatworms (Platyhelminthes), and more. This guide covers their structures, reproductive methods, and specialized tissues, enhancing your knowledge of these diverse animal groups.

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Exploring the Animal Kingdom: Basics of Vertebrates and Invertebrates

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  1. Animal KingdomNotes Part I

  2. Basics! • Vertebrate – has a backbone • FEEL YOURS! • Invertebrate – no backbone (simpler animals)

  3. Basics! • Endoskeleton – internal skeleton • Exoskeleton – external skeleton

  4. Basics • Radial symmetry – an organism can be “cut” into two halves by placing a line anywhere through the middle (think pizza or pie) • Bilateral symmetry- an organism can be “cut” into two halves using only one line through the middle (think a slice of pizza or pie)

  5. Invertebrates • Porifera (sponges) • Cnidarians • Platyhelminthes (flatworms) • Nematodes (roundworms) • Annelids (segmented worms) • Mollusks • Echinoderms • Arthropods

  6. Porifera • Examples: Sponges • Don’t move…filter feed. • Called “poriferans” because bodies are made out of pores (feed through them). • Reproduction – sexual or asexual, one way they can reproduce asexually is through regeneration STRUCTURE • Collar cells – also called chaonocytes, have collar of cytoplasm around the flagella, help maintain flow of water through body

  7. Spicules– hard, needle-like support structures that support their bodies. **Made out of spongin Amoebocyte – cells carry food around and help the sponges reproduce • Porifera do not any true tissues or organs

  8. Porifera Diversity!

  9. Cnidarians Cnidarians – having stinging cells, hollow body cavities, and radial symmetry • Examples: Jellyfish, Hydra • Cnidarians have: • Tentacles • Nematocysts (stinging cells) • Two possible shapes: • Medusa umbrella-shaped, tentacles down • Polyp cup like form, tentacles up ARKive - Brown hydra video

  10. Cnidarians • Made up of 2 layers • Gastrovascular cavity is where digestion occurs • Body has specialized tissues: • Digestive • Muscle • Nerve • Sensory

  11. Stinging Cells! • VIDEO: Giant Lion's Mane Jellyfish Stings 150 New Hampshire Beachgoers - ABC News

  12. Cnidarian Diversity!

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