1 / 34

Chapter 21

Chapter 21. Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815 - 1850. The Conservative Order (1815 – 1830). The Peace Settlement Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815) The principal of legitimacy A new balance of power.

makya
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 21

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 21 Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815 - 1850

  2. The Conservative Order (1815 – 1830) • The Peace Settlement • Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia • Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815) • The principal of legitimacy • A new balance of power

  3. Conservative Ideology • From Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution of France • Obedience to political authority • Organized religion was crucial to social order • Hated revolutionary upheavals • Unwilling to accept liberal demands or representative government

  4. Europe after the Congress of Vienna

  5. Conservative Domination: The Concert of Europe • The Concert of Europe - Congresses • Quintuple Alliance • Principle of intervention • Spain and Italy • The Revolt of Latin America • Bourbon monarchy of Spain toppled • L. A.countries begin independence • Simón Bolivar (1783-1830) • José de San Martín (1778-1850) • Britain began to dominate L. A. economy

  6. The Greek Revolt, 1821-1832 • Intervention could support revolution as well • Greek revolt in, 1820 • Britain, France, Russia at war • Treaty of Adrianople, 1829

  7. Latin America in the early 9th Century

  8. Conservative Domination: The European States • Great Britain: Rule of the Tories • Landowning classes dominate Parliament • Tory and Whig factions; Tories dominate • Restoration in France • Louis XVIII (r. 1814 – 1824) • Ultraroyalists

  9. Intervention in the Italian States and Spain • Conservative reaction against the forces of nationalism and liberalism • Repression in Central Europe • Metternich and forces of reaction • Liberal and national movements in Germany • Karlsbad Decrees (1819)

  10. Russia • Rural, agricultural, and autocratic • Alexander I (1801-1825) • Nicholas I (1825-1855

  11. The Balkans by 1830

  12. Ideologies of Change • Liberalism • Economic liberalism (classical economics) • Laissez-faire • Political liberalism • Ideology of political liberalism • David Ricardo (1772-1823), • John Stuart Mill, On Liberty • Supported Women’s rights • On the Subjection of Women

  13. Nationalism • Part of a community with common institutions, traditions, language, and customs • The community is called a “nation” • Nationalist ideology • Allied with liberalism

  14. Map 21.3: The Distribution of Language in Nineteenth-Century Europe

  15. Early Socialism • Utopian Socialists • Charles Fourier (1772 – 1838) • Robert Owen (1771-1858) • Louis Blanc (1813 – 1882) • Female Supporters • Flora Tristan (1803 – 1844)

  16. Revolution and Reform, 1830-1850 • Another French Revolution • Charles X (1824-1830) • Revolt by liberals • Louis-Philippe (1830-1848) • The bourgeois monarch • Constitutional changes favor the upper bourgeoisie

  17. Revolutionary Outbursts in Belgium, Poland, and Italy • Austrian Netherlands given to Dutch Republic • Revolt by the Belgians • Revolt attempts in Poland and Italy

  18. The Revolution of 1830

  19. Reform in Great Britain • The Reform Act of 1832 • New political power for industrial urban communities • Benefited the upper middle class • New Reform Legislation • Poor Law of 1834 • Repeal of the Corn Laws (1846)

  20. The Revolutions of 1848 • France Revolution • Corruption, and failure to initiate reform • Louis-Philippe abdicates, 2/24/1848  • Provisional government established • Elections by univ. manhood suffrage • Split between mod. and liberal republicans • Second Republic established • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected 12/48

  21. The Revolutions of 1848 – 1849

  22. Revolution in Central Europe • Spreads – French inspired • Frederick William IV (1840-1861) • Frankfurt Assembly • Austrian Empire • Louis Kossuth, Hungary • Metternich flees the country • Hungary’s wishes granted • Francis Joseph I (1848-1916)

  23. Revolts in the Italian States • Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) • Young Italy, 1831 • Goal: a united Italy • Cristina Belgioioso (1808-1871) • Charles Albert (r. 1831 – 1849)

  24. The Failures of 1848 • Division within the revolutionaries • Radicals and liberals • Divisions among nationalities

  25. Maturing of the United States • Constitution contained liberalism and nationalism • Alexander Hamilton-Federalist • Thomas Jefferson-Republican • John Marshall (1755-1835) • Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) and democracy 

  26. Emergence of an Ordered Society • Development of regular police - purpose of police • British Bobbies • “Bobbies” introduced in 1829 – 1830 • French Police • Crime and Social Reform • New poor laws • Moral reformers • Organized religion • Prison Reform

  27. The Characteristics of Romanticism • Emotion, sentiment, and feelings, nature • Tragic figure • Johann von Goethe (1749-1832), • The Sorrows of the Young Werther • Individualism • Interest in the past • Grimm Brothers – German History? Gothic literature • Edgar Allan Poe (1808-1849) • Mary Shelley (1797-1851)

  28. Romanticism in Art, Music, Poetry • Percy Bysshe Shelley • Prometheus Unbound • Casper David Friedrich • God and nature • Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) • Passion for color • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) • Lord Byron (1788-1824) • Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage • William Wordsworth (1770-1850) • The mysterious force of nature

  29. Caspar David Friedrich, Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon

  30. Delacroix, The Death of Sardanaplus

  31. Discussion Questions • What were the goals of the early nineteenth-century conservatives? What forces were working against the achievement of those goals? • Why did Britain involve itself in the Greek revolt against the Ottoman Empire? • How did liberalism and nationalism contribute to both the success and failure of reform in the mid-nineteenth century? • Why did the Revolutions of 1848 fail? • Compare and contrast the Romantic and Enlightenment views of nature.

  32. Web Links • 1832 Reform Act • Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions • Utopian Socialism Archive • William Wordsworth: The Complete Poetical Works • The Walter Scott Digital Archive

More Related