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This mini-project explores the significance of the 9th to 13th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The Ninth Amendment protects unenumerated rights, as evidenced in a Supreme Court case regarding the right to clean air. The Tenth Amendment emphasizes states' rights by reserving unlisted powers to them, reinforcing federalism. The Eleventh Amendment protects states from lawsuits by non-residents, ensuring state sovereignty. Finally, the Twelfth Amendment reformed the electoral process, allowing the House of Representatives to elect the president in case of a tie, while the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
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AP GOV MINI-PROJECT BRITTANY KEMP
Amendment9 • The ninth amendment states that the people have rights not stated in the Constitution as well as those stated. This amendment protects various other rights that we have, and was the basis for the Supreme Court case that made it illegal for American airlines to let passengers smoke due to the people’s right to clean air which is covered and protected by the ninth amendment.
Amendment 10 • The tenth amendment states that all and any powers which are not specifically stated and given to the federal government by default fall to the state governments. This further strengthens the federalism in the Constitution and gives the states the rights necessary to proberlygoven themselves.
Amendment 11 • The eleventh amendment states that a state cannot be sued by a person coming from another state or country. If the person is not a resident, he or she may not sue the state, no matter how compelling the case.
Amendment 12 • The twelfth amendment changed the electoral college procedure. If the election ends in a tie, the House of Representatives will choose the president.
Amendment 13 • The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery.