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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. The Bonds of Empire 1660 - 1750. Stuart Restoration. Charles II James II. 1. Rebellion and War – 1660-1713. Royal Centralization Restoration monarchs dislike representative government Charles II…disliked parliament James II…wanted to be absolute monarch

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 The Bonds of Empire 1660 - 1750

  2. Stuart Restoration • Charles II James II

  3. 1. Rebellion and War – 1660-1713 • Royal Centralization • Restoration monarchs dislike representative government • Charles II…disliked parliament • James II…wanted to be absolute monarch • Both against colonial assemblies • “of dangerous consequence” • New England defends self gov. • Massachusetts ignored Navigation Acts • Punished by creating New Hampshire from it • Made a Royal Colony and Charter revoked

  4. Dominion of New England • MA, NH, CT, RI and Plymouth consolidated into the Dominion of New England • 1688- NY and the Jerseys added • Sir Edmond Andros = governor

  5. William & Mary

  6. The Glorious Revolution in England and America 1688-89 • Glorious Revolution • Charles converts to Catholicism on deathbead • James converts as well • Tolerate James b/c heirs were Anglican • Glorious Revolution: 1688 = William and Mary • Bloodless • Create limited monarchy • Promised to summon parliament once a year, sign all its bills, and respect traditional civil liberties • Dismantle Dominion of New England • Leisler’s Rebellion (NY) • Maryland…Protestant…Catholics lose rights • Foundation laid for empire based on voluntary allegiance

  7. A Generation of War -1689-1713 • 25 years • King Williams War • NY and NE vs. New France • 2 prong war launched by NY and NE • Both failed • 5 Nations Iroquois Confederacy • French armies destroyed all but 2 villages • Queen Anne’s War (aka The War of Spanish Succession) • France and Spain vs. England • War of Spanish Succession • Political consequences most important for English America; not military • French and Indians hold onto nation’s interior

  8. Mercantilism

  9. 2. Colonial Economies and Societies -1660-1750 • Mercantilism: policies aimed at guaranteeing prosperity by making a nation as economically self-sufficient as possible by eliminating dependence on foreign suppliers, damaging foreign competitors’ commercial interests, and increasing its net stock of gold and silver by selling more abroad than buying! • Navigation Acts • Must use English vessels • Sugar and tobacco cannot be exported anywhere EXCEPT for Europe • Molasses Act – taxed all foreign Molasses entering mainland colonies

  10. Navigation Acts (1651-1733)

  11. Navigation Acts • Affects Britain in 4 ways: • Limited all imperial trade to British-owned ships • Barring the export of certain “enumerated goods” (tobacco, rice, furs, indigo) to foreign nations unless these items first passed through Eng. or Scotland • Encourage economic diversification • Made the colonies a protected market for the low-priced consumer goods and other exports from Britain -British colonies economically prospered over Spain and France’s colonies

  12. Population Growth

  13. Middle Passage http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3FB1F00F-82B9-4E50-9CB0-80133E54F828&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  14. Population Growth • More colonists than Natives • Slaves • Mixed groups • Slave ship conditions • Primarily in South • 15% in north • Creole – American born slave; spoke a single language (English) • Percents of immigrants • Rural men and women • Wealth was inherited, few exceptions • No land for children when married • Farming seasonal…problem

  15. Mortgage slow to work off…why? • Women made items to sell • Farmers and environment • Removal of trees • Removal of wildlife • Deforestation and lack of crop rotation

  16. Urban Center Populations

  17. Urban Paradox • Key to colonial prosperity • Diseases rampant • Wealth concentrated • Women in cities • Slavery’s wages • Masters kept healthy, yet uncomofortable • Worked longer than whites throughout life

  18. Stono Rebellion

  19. Stono Rebellion • SC 1739 • 20 blacks, seized guns from store • Massed group of 80 men and headed to Spanish, FL • Refuge • Burned 7 plantations • Killed 20 whites • Took militia only a few days to bring them down

  20. Colonial Elite • Gentlemen • Lady • Status shown how?

  21. 3. Competing for a Continent -1713-1750 • France and Native Americans • Focus: Louisiana • 1718, New Orleans • Life not so good for whites and blacks • Corrupt gov. • Sluggish exports • Precarious relations with Natives

  22. Native Americans/British Expansion

  23. British and Native Americans • British expansion made possible by depopulation and dislocation of Native Americans • Diseases, environmental changes, war and political pressure N.A.’s to cede land

  24. James Oglethorpe/Georgia

  25. Georgia • 1732, Georgia authorized by Parliament • Oglethorpe purchased land from Creek • Refuge for Debtors • Directly subsidized by British Government • Nova Scotia only other • Slavery illegal • Oglethorpe hated it • Few debtors came, why?

  26. Spain’s Tenacity • Spanish and Southwest • Spread language • Forts established • Ranchos • Texas established to counter growing French influence among N.A.’s • By1750: control much of SE and SW • Both Spanish and French depended on NA’s to survive, unlike British North America

  27. The Return of War - 1739-1748 • 1739: Britain launches war against Spain • 1740: Oglethorpe leads assault on FL • King George’s War in British America: 1740-48

  28. Colonial Politics

  29. 4. Public Life in British America - 1689-1750 • Colonial Politics • Colonial Legislatures (Assemblies) form • Colonists control rather than England • “Power of the Purse” • establish assemblies to force governors to sign laws • Voting strict requirements • Considered liberal for male voters at time • Rural voters indifferent

  30. John Peter Zenger

  31. Benjamin Franklin

  32. Zenger and Franklin • Franklin, established library in Philly • 1776-about 50 public libraries • Newspaper • Hand operated press • 40 colonial newspapers before revolution • News slow • Powerful in airing grievances and rallying • John Peter Zenger • Newspaper editor • Charged with seditious libel • Lawyer Alexander Hamilton • Jury found him not guilty • Legacy

  33. First Great Awakening (1740s)

  34. 1st Great Awakening • Religion early 18th C. • Long Puritan sermons • Moving away from predestination • New England: Congregationalists • Middle and Southern: Presbyterians and dissenting Protestants • Time of increased religious activity • Revival: Jonathan Edwards • Sinners in the hands of an angry God • Methodist preacher George Whitefield • Helped to continue the movement • Old Lights v. New Lights • Lasting Effects

  35. George Whitefield

  36. Jonathan Edwards

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