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This overview outlines the six essential nutrients necessary for maintaining animal health: water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Water is crucial for temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and digestion. Carbohydrates provide energy for bodily functions, while fats serve as concentrated energy sources and protect vital organs. Proteins are essential for growth and body repair. Vitamins play a critical role in catalyzing bodily processes and promoting health. Finally, minerals support bone health and are vital for various body functions.
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Six Essential Nutrients 1. Water 4. Protein 2. Carbohydrates 5. Minerals 3. Fats 6. Vitamins
Water (H2O) • Controls body temperature. • Enables living plants and animals to hold their shape. • Involves the transport of nutrients at the cell level through osmosis and diffusion. • Helps digest feeds. • Carries waste-products resulting from body functions. • Major part of all body fluids.
Carbohydrates (C6H12O6) Simple and Complex • Furnishes energy for: A. body functions B. growth and fattening C. reproduction • The largest part of an animal’s food supply (usually the roughage in the diet). 4 calories per gram • Includes sugars, starchs, and cellulose. • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Fats • Furnishes a concentrated source of energy. (2.25 times as much energy as C6H12O.) 9 calories per gram • Forms cholesterol, steroids, and other body compounds. • Found in every cell in the body. • Skin and hair conditions are affected when fat is absent from the diet. • Provides: Energy reserves Protection for vital organs Insulation for the body • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Proteins • Needed for growth and repair of the body. • Helps form the greater part of: 4 calories per gram A. muscles and internal organs. B. skin, hair, wool, and feathers. C. hoofs and horns. • Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Minerals • Potassium, phosphorous, and calcium are necessary for healthy bones. • Salt (NaCl) is important in most body functions (i.e. appearance, growth, appetite). • Iron is required for healthy blood and skin. • Most other minerals are essential, but are required in smaller amounts.
Vitamins • Needed in minute amounts. • Essential for life and health. • Catalyst for body processes. • Promotes growth and reproduction. • Contributes to the general health of the animal.