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American Colonies

This lesson introduces students to the early European colonization of America, focusing on Spanish influence in the 1500s and 1600s. Activities include icebreakers to foster interaction, discussions on the impact of history, and examinations of key events like the defeat of the Spanish Armada and the Mayflower Compact. Students will explore topics such as cultural influences, the Puritan quest for a 'City Upon a Hill,' and challenges to their ideals, including the Salem Witch Trials. The lesson aims to engage students in understanding their historical roots and perspectives.

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American Colonies

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  1. American Colonies Unit 1

  2. Do Now - Ice breaker • Pick up Ice Breaker worksheet on the front table. • Directions: Go around the room and meet your classmates! You may only ask one question per person. Once you find a person to answer a question, write their name in the box.

  3. What is History?

  4. Think, Pair, Share First, on your own, THINK about the question and answer it in your notes. • What is history? • Why is it important to study history?

  5. Historical Thinking

  6. Spanish Colonization in the USA • Main Idea: Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquered Central and portions of North America. • Why does it matter?: Spanish language, religion, & architecture continues to influence the Americas.

  7. Do Now • What comes to mind when you think about the European colonization of America? • Which European countries colonized different parts of the United States?

  8. Spain La Florida Juan Ponce de Leon 1513-1562 Discouraged by disease, further exploration ended French move in (1563) French in Florida Buccaneers Robbed the Spanish ships Spain returns to Florida • 1492 – Columbus • Conquistadors • Reason for expanding = spread Catholic faith • Hernando Cortes • Mexico (Aztec Empire) 1519-1521 • Expands to American mainland (Florida)

  9. Resistance to the Spanish • Burned catholic churches, executed priests, drove Spanish back to New Spain (Mexico) • For the next 14 years – the southwest region of the future USA belonged to the native people • 1588 – Spanish Armada (Spain vs. England) • Spain would never regain complete control of America • 1680 Pueblo Rebellion • Catholic Priests punished Pueblo leader Popé for worship • Whipped for practicing “witchcraft” • Fueled hatred for the rebellion • 17,000 people all over New Mexico

  10. Exit Ticket • After reading the brief history on the defeat of the Spanish Armada, discuss the following question with your group THEN individually record your answer and hand in! 1. How/why is Spain’s defeat against England going to negatively impact their colonization in America?

  11. DO Now • Read the Timeline of events explaining European Colonization & answer the 3 questions. • Have your HW out, I will be checking it! • Bonus Question: Who is portrayed in this painting? WRITE IT DOWN! Don’t share your answer 

  12. JAMESTOWN • Jamestown Colony

  13. First European settlements

  14. 9/11

  15. Do Now • Pick up “Mayflower Compact” worksheet. • Read the “Constitution” and answer the corresponding questions.

  16. Mayflower COmpact • When is Thanksgiving

  17. Plymouth Colony (1620) • Mayflower landed in Massachusetts in 1620 • Formed the first written constitution in America, the “Mayflower Compact”

  18. 1629- Establish the Mass. Bay Co. • 1630- Est. Colony in Massachusetts Seeking Utopia… Puritans

  19. NOW that you are free to worship… What does this look like? who determines god’s will?

  20. Seeking Utopia… A City Upon a Hill • First Gov. John Winthrop to create a “city upon a hill” • “You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden” • Reasons for success? • Diverse population • Diversified sources of economy • Healthier climate

  21. How To Create Utopia: • Trust in Fate & God’s Will above Free Will • Work Hard to serve God • Purify/Reform the corrupt world • Establish Tight Knit Communities to keep others in line (Town Halls) • Provide Education so people could follow God • Convert others • Arm Everyone • Banish Diversity

  22. What do these things all aim to do?

  23. Challenging Utopia…Puritan Diversity • 1631—Roger Williams • Banished South • 1636- Williams founded Rhode Island

  24. Challenging Utopia…Puritan Diversity • 1636—Thomas Hooker est. Connecticut

  25. Challenging Utopia…Puritan Diversity • 1636-1638—Anne Hutchinson challenged the Church • Covenant of Works over Grace • SOLUTION: Banished! • “Forasmuch as you, Mrs. Hutchinson, have highly transgressed and offended ... and troubled the Church with your Errors and have drawen away many a poor soule, and have upheld your Revelations; and forasmuch as you have made a Lye ... Therefor in the name of our Lord Je[sus] Ch[rist] ... I doe cast you out and ... deliver you up to Sathan ... and account you from this time forth to be a Hethen and a Publican ... I command you in the name of Ch[rist] Je[sus] and of this Church as a Leper to withdraw your selfe out of the Congregation”

  26. Was this divisioninevitable?

  27. CLOSING How were Virginia (Jamestown) & Massachusetts (Plymouth) similar & how were they different?

  28. Do Now • What do you know about the Salem Witch Trials of 1692?

  29. Salem witches • Why do you think the people of Salem believed the girls’ accusations of witch craft? • Even if they believe in witch craft, why would there be so many accusations all at once?

  30. Salem witch trials 1692 • History Channel - Salem Witches

  31. DO Now • The year is 1750.  As a hard working young colonist, you are proud of the prosperity of your new homeland. However, you are also troubled by the inequalities around you - inequalities between the colonies and Britain, between rich and poor, between men and women, and between free and enslaved. • How can the colonies achieve equality and freedom?

  32. New England Colonies • MA, RI, CT, NH • Founded largely for religious reasons. • (Puritans) • Governed by town meetings, majority ruled. • Theocratic govt. • Religious officials govern • Fishing, Lumber, furs

  33. Middle Colonies • NY, NJ, DE, and PA made up the Middle Colonies • Rich soil earned them the nickname the ‘breadbasket’ • Trade: Cities like NY and Philly thrived as ports • economic, political, and social diversity/tolerance

  34. Southern Colonies • VA, MD, NC, SC, GA • Predominantly based on an agrarian economy • 1st Tobacco then other large crops would (cotton, rice, etc.) dominate economy • This creates need for a large and cheap labor force • slaves • settlers were of either English or Scotch/Irish descent.

  35. On your own… • Using a textbook, find and explain the following terms • Mercantilism • Navigation Acts • Glorious Revolution • Salutary Neglect • How will these events impact the relationship between England and the Colonies? Be specific and explain each.

  36. Mercantilism • Goal: Self sufficiency. All countries were in competition to acquire the most gold and silver. • Success of a nation is dependent on its supply of $$$. • Goal: Increase their balance of trade • Sell More, Buy Less

  37. From West to East • Pumpkins • Gold • Cocoa • Cranberries • Wild cherries • Corn • Tomatoes • Peanuts • Peppers • Beans • Chocolate • Rubber • Tobacco • Potatoes • Onions • Cotton • Sweet potatoes • Pineapples • Vanilla

  38. Navigation Acts • NO trade unless goods were shipped in ENLGISH or COLONIAL ships • All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least ¾ ENGLISH or COLONIAL • Colonies could only export certain products to ENGLAND • All goods traded had to pass through an ENGLISH port first.

  39. Salutary NeglectBut Why? • England relaxed enforcement of most regulations in return for the continued economic loyalty of the colonies • EXAMPLE: Colonies still bought English goods & Colonies still sent raw materials “home”

  40. 9/18/14 • Take out your homework! • DO NOW: Regional Colonies

  41. DO now • Have your HW out! • Complete the “French & English Rivalry” Handout

  42. French & Indian war • RIVALS FOR EMPIRE! • Great Britain vs. France • Fighting over colonization/territory • Queen Anne’s War, War for Jenkins’ Ear, King George’s War • Colonists were involved in ALL of these major wars • French & Indian War (1754-1763) • GW starts war!   Fort Necessity

  43. French & Indian War • SIDES? • Indians side with French Kick English off of their land! • Winner: GREAT BRITAIN • William Pitt saves the day! • Treaty of Paris – ends war • Ottawa Leader, Pontiac (1763) • Wanted Ohio River Valley back • Capture 7 British forts • British call “truce” and offer peace blankets….. • Proclamation of 1763 • Banned all English settlement WEST of Appalachians • English did not enforce  colonists took land anyway • Tensions between England & Colonies intensify

  44. Tensions increase • Britain cracked down on colonists’ smuggling • Stations 10,000 troops in territories to control Native Americans • Colonists viewed as standing army that could turn on them • NOT PROCTECTION

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