North American Colonies

1. North American Colonies Chapter 1-3

2. Anglican Church : Church of England – southern colonies remained members -when: 1534 -where: England – Southern colonies supported -impact: difference in religion in different regions 2. religious dissent disagreement with the Anglican Church When: Early 1600’s Where: Europe and America Impact: people came to America to flee the persecutions of the Anglican Church 3. indentured servant work up to 7 years for their passage to America When: 1620 - 1700 Where: North American Colonies Impact: more people were able to come to America 4. slavery– people are owned like property When: 1619 - 1865 Where: North American Colonies Impact: Increase production for southern colonies – helped economy – difference between the north and south

3. Staple Crops – cropsin large demand and provide the bulk of a region’s income When: 1612- 1865 Where: Southern colonies Impact: increased need for slaves – helped economy (made many rich southern men) plantation system- huge farms owned by wealthy landowners to raise cash crops When: mid 1600’s – 1865 Where: Southern colonies Impact: southern colonies spread out – not many large cities- homeschool their children – caused a big social gap headright system- 50 acres of land promised if you settle in Virginia When: 1618 Where: Virginia Impact: increased population in Virginia representative governments – people elect leaders and have a voice When: 500 bc - present Where: Greece, Roman Empire, America Impact: increased desire to overthrow the British Monarchy

4. 9. Fundamental orders of Connecticut – body of laws for Connecticut – governments power came only from the people. When: 1639 Where: Connecticut Impact: other states began to make a body of laws – giving power to the people 10. Mayflower Compact - document to establish self-government When: 1620 Where: Mayflower (boat on the way to New England Colonies) Impact: Colonies government would be representative 11. House of Burgesses– legislative body in Virginia When: 1619 -1775 Where: Virginia Impact: People had a voice in government - model for later US government 12. fur trade – French settlements economy When: early 1500’s – early 1800’s Where: Interior of North America (near great lakes) Impact: good relationship between natives and French – French presence in North America that caused tension between colonists

5. Quakers - religious group that was non violent – settled in Pennsylvania When: 1677 – present day Where: Pennsylvania (middle colonies) Impact: religious tolerance – very accepting Puritans – established New England Colonies to escape religious persecution. Known as Pilgrims When: Early 1500’s – 1600’s Where: From England to the New England Colonies (Massachusetts, RI, CT, NH) Impact: Public Education – started successful colonies that became states Salutary neglect - colonists governed themselves without crown assertion When: early 1700’s Where: 13 colonies Impact: Gave colonist a sense of independence & didnt want the King telling them what to do

6. Jamestown– first Successful English settlement in VA When: 1607 Where: Virginia Impact: gave England hope of more colonies Plymouth – est. by Puritans in Massachusetts When: 1620 Where: Massachusetts Impact: first New England settlement Salem Witch Trials – Massachusetts accused and condemned many accused people of being witches – “clean” from the devil When: 1692 Where: Massachusetts Impact: caused hysteria – people tried to be “very religious”

7. Chapter 1 section 5 • Where did Europeans first experiment with the plantation system? • How did the European need for labor affect Native Americans? • How did the arrival of European settlers affect Native American societies? • How did the Colombian Exchange affect Europe then and now?

8. Unit 1 Vocab • Mayas: • Central American Empire that had advanced math and calendar in 300-900 • Aztec: • Central Mexico ruled an empire. Later conquered by Spanish • headright system- 50 acres of land promised if you settle in Virginia • Conquistadors – Spanish Conquerors • fur trade – French settlements economy • Jamestown – 1st successful English colony in VA • Staple Crops – cropsin large demand and provide the bulk of a region’s income

9. Unit 1 Vocab • Royal Colony governed directly by the king through an appointed royal governor • Proprietary – colony granted to a group of private owners for development • Charter Company Crown grants a charter to est. a government • joint-stock Company company owned by a group of investors • indentured servant work up to 7 years for their passage to America • slavery people are owned like property • Fundamental orders of Connecticut body of laws for Connecticut – governments power came only from the people. • gentry • upperclass Iroquois League Northeastern political alliance

10. plantation system huge farms owned by wealthy landowners to raise cash crops • Anglican church • Church of England – southern colonies remained members • religious dissent • disagreement with the Anglican Church • Puritans • established New England Colonies to escape religious persecution. Known as Pilgrims • pilgrims • Name for Puritans • Plymouth – • est. by Puritans in Massachusetts

11. Massachusetts Bay Colony • settled by Puritans • Salutary neglect • colonists governed themselves without crown assertion • representative governments • people elect leaders and have a voice • House of Burgesses • legislative body in Virginia • Mayflower Compact • document to establish self-government • Quakers • religious group that was non violent – settled in Pennsylvania • Salem Witch Trials • Massachusetts accused and condemned many accused people of being witches – “clean” from the devil

12. Chapter 1 Section 1 • 1. When and how did the first peoples get to Americas? • 2. Why did people come to America? • 3. (pg 7) How did the development of agriculture affect ancient societies in the Americas? • 4. What were some of the achievements of the early civilizations of the Americas? • 5. Look at the location of ancient American empires develop. What is present in all of the empires locations?

13. Native Americans • Beginnings • The First people migrated from Asia across a “land bridge” • Est. the first societies in North America • Hunters/Gatherers • Nomadic (moving) • Agricultural techniques spread & settlements developed

14. Native Americans • Empires 1. Maya: -(300-900) -present day Yucatan & Guatemala -math/science – introduced zero -calendar

15. Native Americans 2. Aztec -(1325-1519) -Present day: Valley of Mexico -adapted ideas from other groups -conquered by the Spanish

16. Native Americans 3. Iroquois League -political alliance in the late 1500’s -Northeast America

17. Homework CheckChapter 1 Section 1 • 1. When and how did the first peoples get to Americas? • 22,000 years ago • By a frozen land bridge between Asia and Alaska • 2. Why did people come to America? • Hunters were following animals • 3. (pg 7) How did the development of agriculture affect ancient societies in the Americas? • It caused them to settle (stop being nomadic) and start empires • 4. What were some of the achievements of the early civilizations of the Americas? • Systems of writing, built great cities, pyramids…. • 5. Look at the location of ancient American empires develop. What is present in all of the empires locations? -water!!! Ocean or river

18. Colonization • European countries began to establish colonies in the Americas in the 1500’s • Spain, France and England were the main countries to control • Started the Columbian Exchange – transfer of items from the Eastern to Western Hemisphere

19. Chapter 1 section 5 • Where did Europeans first experiment with the plantation system? • How did the European need for labor affect Native Americans? • How did the arrival of European settlers affect Native American societies? • How did the Colombian Exchange affect Europe then and now?

20. Colonization 1. Spain • Was the first country to have success! • 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas for Spain • Europeans had been looking for a new route to Asia but instead discovered the New world

21. Colonization 1. Spain • Spainards came to America for 3 reasons • GOD • GLORY • GOLD • They were called Conquistadors – a Spanish conqueror who colonized the Americas • Looking for “golden cities”

22. Colonization 1.Spain • Influenced Mexico, Central/ South America & the Caribbean • Established Florida • St. Augustine –the oldest US city • Destroyed the Aztecs

23. Colonization 2. France • Quebec (1608) – first successful French colony

24. Colonization 2. France • Used the rivers and lakes to settle the interior • Frenchmen made a lot of money through fur trade • Established a good relationship with the Indians through trade

25. Colonization 3. England • Settled the Atlantic Coast (GA to Maine) • Longer term • First Settlement was Jamestown, VA • Just wanted gold – had to farm (tobacco) • Did NOT get along with Indians • Economic, political, social diversity

26. Colonization 3. England • Types of colonies • Royal – ruled by the king through an appointed royal governor • Proprietary – group of private owners for development • Charter- the crown granted a charter for the purpose of establishing a government

27. Colonization 3. England • 3 regions • New England – Massachusetts , New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut • Middle – NY, NJ, Penn, Delaware • Southern - Maryland, VA, NC, SC, GA

28. Colonization

29. The 13 Colonies England wanted all colonies to be SELF-SUFFICIENT & make money for England. -Colonies were to SUPPLY England with goods they did not have -Colonies were to BUY goods from England

30. Colonial Government Representative Governments – colonies elected officials A. Colonial Governors: appointed by the crown B. Colonial Legislatures: • 2 houses • Elected by voters (white men) • House of Burgesses (1619) first body in the New World - VA Ch 3 sec 1

31. Colonial Government • Idea of self government came from the Mayflower Compact Puritans wrote document while on the ship • Salutary Neglect • England let the colonists govern themselves

32. Colonial Women • Women • Second class citizens – no voting or education • More freedom then in England

33. Colonial Slaves Middle passage – taken from Africa and sent by ship to America Southern Colonies: worked in rice & tobacco fields Middle Colonies: worked in the fields -had more contact with whites -sometimes trained in a craft

34. Colonial Slaves Stono Rebellion: Slave rebellion in SC -Sometimes slaves did try to gain their freedom Culture: Baskets, pottery, music, dance, language (gullah), stories

35. New England • Read Chapter 2 section 3 1. What type of person settled New England? (country, religion, career) 2. What was the “City on the Hill”? Explain what that means 3. Who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? 4. Who founded the colony of Rhode Island and why? 5. What was the immediate effects of King Philip’s War?

36. New England Who? • Puritans – religious group who became known as Pilgrims • Est. Plymouth Ch 2 sec 3

37. New England Where? -Plymouth Colony (In 1620 -2nd permanent colony) -Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) -Boston was the port and capital -Mayflower Compact - established self government -Rhode Island -Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson disagreed with Puritans in Mass so broke off -They believed in separation of church and state -Connecticut – Thomas Hooker left Mass because of representation -Est. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – power comes from people & put limits on gov’t -New Hampshire– settled by Puritans Ch 2 sec 3

38. New England Economy -Shipbuilding, trade, fishing, transported goods….. -Smaller farming for families -Boston, Mass – Urban center for shopping

39. New England Society -Church was the center of life -Salem Witch Trials -1692 tried to kill all the witches who were possessed by the devil -Public Education -literacy in order to read the Bible -schools for towns over 50 people -generally for boys -Harvard and Yale

40. New England Answers Chapter 2 section 3 • What type of person settled New England? (country, religion, career) An English Puritan trying to “clean” the Anglican church. Typically wealthy white families 2. What was the “City on the Hill”? Explain what that means John Winthrop called Plymouth a City on a Hill because it would be a model society to the world It was the NEW England 3. Who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Stockholders and any adult male that belonged to the Puritan Church 4. Who founded the colony of Rhode Island and why? Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson Both were kicked out of Massachusetts because they challenged the Puritans. Roger started the RI and Anne followed 2 years later. Set their colony up to have separation of church and state. 5. What was the immediate effects of King Philip’s War? Got rid of Native Americans in the Southeastern New England for 20 yrs (mounted leaders head) 1/10 of the military men were killed – HUGE proportion

41. Middle Colonies Read Chapter 2 Section 4 1. What colony did the Dutch establish? What was its capital? What was it for? 2. Define a Quaker. How are they similar to Puritans? 3. Describe how New Netherland was diverse? 4. How did the Dutch lose its territory? 5. What type of government was established by William Penn? 6. Describe the relationship between Middle Colonist and Native Americans?

42. Middle Colonies -Most culturally diverse -Religious tolerance -NY, NJ, Pennsylvania, Delaware Ch 2 sec 4

43. Middle Colonies • New Netherland est. by the Dutch for fur trade • England took over colony & renamed it New York • New Amsterdam = New York City Ch 2 sec 4

44. Middle Colonies Economy -Farming -staple crops: wheat, barley, rye “Bread Colonies” -Fur trade -Commerce -big cities: New York & Philadelphia

45. Middle Colonies Society -Home of the Quakers -religious group that promoted equality, non- violence -led by William Penn (from England) -Pennsylvania – religious tolerance -immigrants from ALL over -Social classes formed -upper: merchants -middle: craftsman, retailers, businesses -Lower: sailors, artisans

46. Middle Colonies - Answers • What colony did the Dutch establish? What was its capital? What was it for? New Netherland with the capital of New Amsterdam. (later will be known as New York) It was established for the Dutch to have a fur trade. 2. Define a Quaker. How are they similar to Puritans? Radical Protestants that wanted to form a society of “friends”. Quakers did NOT have ministers. Both believed in a personal experience of God. 3. Describe how New Netherland was diverse? Dutch, Germans, French, Scandinavians and other Europeans came. Also Africans (free and slaves) 4. How did the Dutch loose its territory? England took it over and est. New York – Problems with Iroquois and Dutch… 5. What type of government was established by William Penn? Representative 6. Describe the relationship between Middle Colonist and Native Americans? It was a good relationship because the colonists treated the Native Americans fairly and so they in return respected the colonists. Lived together in harmony.

47. Southern • Maryland, VA, NC, SC, GA Ch 3 sec 2

48. Southern Where and Who? -English, German, Scot-Irish • Virginia named for the “Virgin Queen” – Elizabeth 1 • Jamestown (1607 -1st successful colony!!) • Founded by a English joint-stock company looking for GOLD (almost starved to death) • John Smith and Pocahontas! • Tobacco was successful crop – demanded a need for LABOR Ch 3 sec 2

49. Southern Where and Who? 2. Maryland -English Catholics -Lord Baltimore 3. Carolina • 8 proprietors given a gift from king • Split in N and S in 1680 4. Georgia -England to put prisoners/debtors Ch 3 sec 2

50. Southern Economy Staple Crops • Tobacco ,Rice, indigo Plantation System – huge farms to raise cash crops No big towns Manual Labor • Indentured Servants – work up to 7 years in exchange for the trip to America • Slaves – people owned like property • Native Americans – didn’t work as well and could run away Ch 3 sec 2