Chapter 1 – The North American Colonies

1. Chapter 1 – The North American Colonies • #5 British Colonies --- Regional Differences

2. Essential Question: • In what ways were the “Southern” and “Northern” British colonies different from each other? • Warm-Up Question: • What impact did Britain’s policies of salutary neglect & mercantilism have on the colonies?

3. Regional Differences Among the British Colonies

4. The Economies of the Colonies • The British colonies produced a variety of profitable materials & were populated by a variety of diverse peoples • By the 1700s, the differences among the “Southern” & “Northern” colonies led to long-term differences among these societies

5. “Northern” Colonies “Southern” Colonies

6. Life in the “Southern” Colonies • The Southern economies were dominatedbycash-cropagriculture • Tobacco in VA, MD, & NC • Rice & indigo in SC & GA • As a result, Southern society centered on: • Plantations rather than cities • Gaps between the rich & poor • Forced labor (slaves & servants)

7. Life in the “Southern” Colonies

8. Life in the “Southern” Colonies • By the 1700s, the Southern colonies became more diverse: • English colonists typically made up the plantation owners in the nutrient-rich lands in the east • Former indentured servants, German, Scots-Irish immigrants moved to the “backcountry” with poor soil, near Indians, & lived on the brink of poverty

9. Distribution of European & African Immigrants in British North America by 1770 The North American “Backcountry”

10. Women in the “Southern” Colonies • Women in Southern society found their lived dominated by men: • Women were not eligible to vote, divorce, own or sell property • “Common” women were responsible for assisting in the field in addition to cleaning, cooking, & childrearing chores • Upper-class women had slaves or servants, but had few rights

11. Women in “Southern” Colonies

12. Slavery in the “Southern” Colonies • Slavery in the Southern colonies was far more common than in the Northern colonies: • Cash-crop agriculture, like tobacco & rice, required workers • By 1660, fewer indentured servants were coming to America • 80-90% of Southern slaves were field workers, most on plantations

14. Slavery in the “Southern” Colonies • Slave culture in the South: • Slaves came from a variety of places in West Africa & had a variety of languages & cultures • Music & dance were used to maintain their African culture • Families were common, but marriage was not recognized • Slave religion often blended African rituals with Christianity

15. The Slave Population • Slavery led to resistance: • Runaway slaves were common • Sabotaging of field tools & intentionally slowing down the work were common techniques of slave resistance • In 1739, in South Carolina 150 slaves led the Stono Rebellionagainst white plantation owners

16. “Northern” Colonies

17. Life in the “Northern” Colonies • Northern economies were much more diverse than in the South: • Were restricted to much smaller farms that grew multiple crops • Included wheat, corn, livestock, lumber, shipbuilding, fishing, iron • Boston, Philadelphia, New York were important port cities that allowed for international trade

18. Life in the “Northern” Colonies

19. Life in the “Northern” Colonies • Like the Southern colonies, English, Germans, & Scots-Irish were the major immigrant groups & most moved to the backcountry as small-scale farmers • Slaves worked on small-scale farms or as domestic servants • Northern women could not vote or own property & were to serve & obey their husbands

20. Distribution of European & African Immigrants in British North America by 1770

21. Social Mobility • Northern colonies offered greater social mobility than the South: • Social status was less dependent upon ownership of land • Numerous professional & trade professions in cities • Benjamin Franklin represented opportunities in colonial society; He used scientific innovation & politicalwritingtogainworldfame

22. The Great Awakening

23. Decline in Religious Devotion • By the 1700s, American colonists saw a decline in religious devotion: • Church sermons were seen by many as “cold” & impersonal • In the 1730s & 1740s, the Great Awakening was a series of revivals in which of people experienced religious conversion in response to gifted preaching

24. The Great Awakening • Preachers like Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield were the most popular evangelists: • Used “fire & passion” to encourage people to examine theireternaldestiny(“NewLight”) • Preached sermons to 1,000s in large “camp revivals” • Encouraged questioning of established churches

26. The Great Awakening Brown, Rutgers, & Princeton • The Great Awakening impacted all the colonists & led to: • New universities were formed to educate “New Light” preachers • Contact among scattered colonists in different regions (1st “national” American event) • Decline in Puritan & Anglican faiths & rise of Methodists, Baptists, & other denominations

27. Creative Writing Assignment • Create an illustrated journal from the perspective of someone from the colonial-era: • Students will be assigned a role • Create a journal entry written to a loved one who lives far away • Letters must have at least total 5 facts (gov’t, social, economic) • Letters must have 1 picture • Letters make 1 comparison to a person of a different role