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Jaundice

Jaundice. Prepared and presented by Luka Marinculić Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. Jaundice – is it a disease?. Yellowish staining of the skin and sclerae High levels of bilirubin in blood. What causes jaundice?. Neonatal jaundice.

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Jaundice

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  1. Jaundice Prepared and presented by Luka Marinculić Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Jaundice – is it a disease? • Yellowish staining of the skin and sclerae High levels of bilirubin in blood

  3. What causes jaundice?

  4. Neonatal jaundice • Yellowish staining of the skin and whites of the newborn's eyes (sclerae) by pigment of bile (bilirubin) • Breakdown of red blood cells (which release bilirubin into the blood) and immaturity of the newborn's liver (which cannot effectively metabolize bilirubin and prepare it for excretion into urine) • Normal neonatal jaundice appears between the 2nd and 5th days of life and clears with time • Kernicterus – brain damage - lifelong disability

  5. What problems does jaundice cause? • Skin and sclerae - yellow • Stool - light colour, clay coloured • Dark urine • Pain in abdomen • Itching • Trouble with sleeping • Fatigue • Swelling • Ascites • Mental confusion • Coma • Bleeding

  6. Which diseases cause jaundice? • Increased production of bilirubin • Acute liver inflammation • Infiltrative liver diseases • Bile duct inflammation • Blockage of bile ducts • Drugs • Genetic disorders • Developmental abnormalities of bile ducts • Jaundice of pregnancy

  7. Diagnosis • History • Physical examination • Blood tests - laboratory • Ultrasonography • CT • MRI • Liver biopsy • ERCP • Endoscopic ultrasound

  8. Laboratory Tests • Complete blood count • Prothrombin time • Other laboratory tests pertinent to history • Coombs test • Electrophoresis of hemoglobin • Viral hepatitis panel • Bilirubin level in serum (total and direct) • Aminotransferase • Alkalinephosphatase • U/A for bilirubin and urobilogen

  9. Treatment • Treatment requires a precise diagnosis of the specific cause and should be directed to the specific problem

  10. Literature • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundice#Neonatal_jaundice • http://www.medicinenet.com/jaundice/article.htm • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003243.htm

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