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Understanding Political Institutions and Change

Explore the concepts of sovereignty, authority, power, political institutions, citizens, society, and the state through examples of nations and states, regimes, institutions, and types of democracy. Learn about political elites, civil society, and trends in political and economic change. Understand public policy and its impact on economic performance, social welfare, civil liberties, environment, corruption, and more.

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Understanding Political Institutions and Change

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  1. Unit 1: The Themes! Sovereignty, Authority, & Power Political Institutions Citizens, Society and the State Political & Economic Change Public Policy

  2. Theme 1: Sovereignty, Authority, & Power Nation State A group of people claiming a A group of people org- common identity + the right anized under a govern- to be a state. May share ment. They must share the following (to varying degrees): • Culture Government • Territory Budget • Language Borders • Ethnicity Currency • Religion Police Force/Military

  3. Nation: The Kurds Palestine Kosovo (until this year) Chechnya Cherokee Scotland ? State: United Kingdom Russian Federation PRC United Mexican States Federal Rep. of Nigeria Islamic Rep. of Iran Examples of each…

  4. Regimes & Institutions • Regime: A country’s institutions, rules, and practices that carry over across time, even though leaders and issues change. (the system of government in a country) • Institutions: Stable, long-lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policy. Examples: bureaucracies, legislatures, judicial systems, political parties, military

  5. Types of Regimes

  6. DemocracyAuthority is based on the will of the people • Direct people have immediate say over governmental decisions • Representative people choose representatives to make political decisions for them

  7. Legitimacy(the right to rule, as determined by their own citizens) • Traditional: tradition should determine who rules and how (Ex: monarchies, G.Britain) • Charismatic: dynamic personality of an individual leader or small group. Often doesn’t go past its founder. (Ex: Revolutionaries) • Rational-legal: based on a system of well-established and institutionalized laws and procedures. Based on the acceptance of rule of law. (Ex: U.S.)

  8. Theme 2: Political Institutions! Unitary/Federal/Confederate Supranational Organizations (UN, EU, NAFTA) Globalization/Fragmentation Executives (Head of State/Head of Government) Bureaucracies Legislatures (unicameral vs. bicameral) Judiciaries (judicial review) Linkage Institutions (parties, interest groups, media) Electoral Systems (proportional, first-past-the-post) Political Elite & Recruitment (leader succession)

  9. Theme 3: Citizens, Society and the State! • Society cleavages: ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional, class, political, etc.. • Civil Society: organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests.

  10. Theme 4: Political & Economic Change! • Reform:does not advocate overthrow of basic institutions. • Revolution: major revision or overthrow of existing institutions. • Coup d’etat: “blows to the state”. Replacement of leaders by force.

  11. 3 Trends in Change… • Democratization • Movement towards Market Economies • Revival of Ethnic or Cultural Politics

  12. Democratization Liberal Democracies: • Civil liberties (such as freedom of speech, belief, assembly….) • Rule of Law (equal treatment of citizens) • Neutrality of the judiciary • Open Civil Society • Civilian control of the military

  13. Theme 5: Public Policy! • Economic Performance • Social Welfare • Civil liberties, rights, & freedoms (Freedom House) • Environment • Corruption (Transparency Int’l) • Disease/HIV/AIDS • Nationalization/Privatization

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