Understanding Communication: Key Concepts and Processes in Chapters 1-4

1. Chapter 1-4 Review

2. Chapter 1 • 1. How is communication defined? • The social process by which people in a specific context construct meaning using symbolic behavior. • 2. What are the four primary channels of communication? • Reading • Writing • Speaking • listening

3. 3. What does speech communication include? How is the context of speech communication unique? • Speaking and listening • It involves face to face contact and feedback • 4. What 2 elements contribute to symbolic meaning in communication? • Words and nonverbal behavior

4. 5. What is intrapersonal communication? • Communication within oneself • 6. What is interpersonal communication? What is it also known as? • Communication between individuals. • Dyadic communication

5. 7. List 5 general reasons that people communicate. • To inform • Express feelings • Express imagination • Perform social rituals • To persuade

6. 8. What are 5 common misconceptions about communication? • That it is always valuable. • That it is the solution to all problems. • That more of it is always better. • That it is simple. • That meanings are determined by words alone.

7. Chapter 2 • 1. denotative meaning • The standard dictionary definition of a word • 2. self-concept • A set of relatively stable, subjective labels one applies to oneself

8. 3. diaphragm • Curved muscle separating the chest and the abdominal cavity • 4. trachea • The windpipe • 5. Paralanguage • Nonverbal communication that includes articulation and pronunciation, rate, pitch, volume, etc.

9. 6. perception • A process by which one assigns meaning to sensory data • 7. connotative meaning • A personal and unique interpretation of a word • 8. larynx • The voice box

10. 9. bypassing • Using a single word to mean 2 different things or using 2 different words to mean the same thing • 10. diphthongs • Pairs of letters such as au, oi, and ou

11. 11. What are the 3 elements in the definition of self-concept? • Labels apply to you • They are relatively stable • They are subjective • 12. What is perception? • A process by which we assign meaning to sensory data.

12. 13. What are the 3 steps in the process of perception? • Selecting • Organizing • Interpreting cues • 14. What are the 5 factors involved in the interpretation of sensory cues? • Knowledge • Personal moods • Past experiences • Expectations • Assumptions about behavior

13. 15. What is a self-fulfilling prophecy? • A misperception based on an already formed worldview. • 16. What is articulation? • Saying words clearly

14. 17. What are the 6 primary ways in which nonverbal messages relate to verbal messages? • They can repeat • Substitute • Complement • Emphasize • Regulate • contradict

15. 18. Name the 7 major types of nonverbal communication. • Paralanguage • Posture and gesture • Face and eyes • Touch • Clothing • Distance • time

16. Chapter 3 • 1. Explain the social penetration theory of self-disclosure. • It considers communication in terms of its breadth and depth. • 2. How can self-disclosure damage a relationship? • By being inappropriate or not reciprocal.

17. 3. Name and explain the 3 methods of problem solving. • Win-lose—one party achieves its goals • Lose-lose—no one is satisfied • Win-win—everyone wins (this method is the most effective)

18. 4. Explain the 5 steps involved in win-win problem solving • Establish communication • Own the problem • Define terms and values • Find common ground • negotiate

19. 5. What 3 things does communication provide in a family system? • Pragmatic interchange • Family identity • Social support

20. Chapter 4 • Name the 4 components that make up the listening process. • Hearing • Attending • Understanding • remembering