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Global Warming and Japan’s Energy Conservation Policy

Global Warming and Japan’s Energy Conservation Policy. SHIGETOMI Norio Project Coordinator Global Environment Technology Development Dept. NEW ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPOMENT ORGANIZATION (NEDO) . GHG Emissions Trend and Kyoto Target in Japan. 1,332. Base year (1,233). 74.

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Global Warming and Japan’s Energy Conservation Policy

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  1. Global Warming and Japan’s Energy Conservation Policy SHIGETOMI Norio Project Coordinator Global Environment Technology Development Dept. NEW ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPOMENT ORGANIZATION (NEDO)

  2. GHG Emissions Trend and Kyoto Target in Japan 1,332 Base year(1,233) 74 －6%(1,159) Mt (CO2 equivalent) Base year Fiscal year 2000 1990 June 2002: Japan’s ratification of the Kyoto Protocol GHG emissions reduction target: 6% below 1990 levels GHG emissions as of 2000: 8 % above 1990 levels

  3. Global １．４％ ０．９％ PFC ２．８％ ０．２％ HFC ０．２％ N2O SF6 PFC ０．３％ HFC N2O ０．１％ CH4 SF6 ７．１％ １．７％ ＣＨ4 ２２．９％ ９２．９％ ６９．５％ ＣＯ２ CO2 Source: IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) Current Status of Global GHG Emissions Japan Source: Ministry of the Environment (2000)

  4. Industry 490MtCO2 Transportation 212MtCO2 Business/Home 262MtCO2 (total) Fuel conversion 77MtCO2 Changes in Japan’s CO2 Emissions by Sector Amount of energy-derived CO2 emissions accounts for 93.4% of total emissions amount in 2000. Industry: 495 MtCO2 (0.9% increase from 1990) Transportation: 256 MtCO2 (20.6% increase from 1990) Business/Home: 318 MtCO2 (21.3% increase from 1990) Fuel conversion: 86 MtCO2 (11.4% increase from 1990) <Ref. Non-energy derived CO2 emissions> Industrial process: 53 MtCO2 (6.1% decrease from 1990) Wastes (plastic and waste oil disposal): 24 MtCO2 (57.5% increase from 1990) Emissions (MtCO2) Source: Ministry of the Environment

  5. Global Warming Policy in Japan 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Japan’s ratification of Kyoto Protocol UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol Outline of Global Warming Prevention Revised Basic policy Climate Change Policy Law Revised 1979～　Energy Conservation Law Revised Revised Individual policy Law concerning Promotion of the Use of New Energy RPS Global Warming Prevention Initiative R&D policy Actions by industry Keidanren’s voluntary action plans

  6. 1350 1300 1250 1200 1150 0 Current Status of GHG Emissions in Japan Unit: MtCO2 1332 Reduction of energy-derived CO2 emissions 8% 1233 14% Further reduction by additional GHG emissions reduction measures 6% 1159 1990 2000 2010 Base year Current First commitment Source: Ministry of the Environment

  7. Strategies for the Kyoto Target: 6 % GHG Emissions Reduction Note: Decrease/increase from 1990. Source: Outline of Global Warming Prevention (March 2002)

  8. Japan’s Measures to Decrease Energy-derived CO2 Emissions to 1990 Levels Reductions measures for energy-derived CO2 emissions Emissions by existing measures defined in the former Outline of Global Warming Prevention: Approx. 1,126 MtCO2 1250 1200 2000: 1,155 MtCO2 Reduction by additional measures: Approx. 74 MtCO2 1150 Energy-derived CO2 emissions 1100 1050 1000 2000 1990: 1,053 MtCO2 Target in 2010: 1,053 MtCO2 Sources: Ministry of the Environment, Outline of Global Warming Prevention (March 2002), etc.

  9. 1 0.93 0.87 0.9 0.78 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.59 0.6 0.46 0.5 kgCO2／US＄ 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Japan Netherlands Germany USA Canada Australia 日本 オランダ ドイツ 米国 カナダ 豪州 Energy-derived CO2 Emissions per GDP in Major Developed Countries Source: National Inventory, IPCC Secretariat

  10. CO2 emissions comparison of Japan/USA/Germany (FY 1998) 25 20.4 20 15 tCO2/person 10.8 9.4 10 5 0 Germany USA Japan Comparison of per capita CO2 Emissions • Given its low per capita CO2 emission level, Japan has already achieved the highest level of energy efficiency. Source: National Inventory

  11. Comparison of CO2 Emissions Reduction Cost • The marginal reduction cost is higher in Japan than in the EU and USA. Cost estimation for target reduction (IPCC Third Assessment Report) 1074 1000 966 Marginal reduction cost (US$ ) 800 600 Approx. 400 410 400 Approx. 300 Approx. 200 97 200 20 76 0 Japan EU USA Note: The arrow indicate the range of various cost estimation results.

  12. Additional Emissions Reduction Measures: 1. Energy Conservation Unit: kl, crude oil equivalent Source: Outline of Global Warming Prevention (March 2002)

  13. Additional Emissions Reduction Measures: 2. Target of New Energy Utilization -1 (July 2001) 1. New energy on the supply-side Unit: kl, crude oil equivalent Source: Advisory Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (July 2001)

  14. Additional Emissions Reduction Measures: 2. Target of New Energy Utilization -2 (July 2001) 2. Renewable energy Unit: million kl, crude oil equivalent 3. New energy on demand-side Source: Advisory Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (July 2001)

  15. Additional Emissions Reduction Measures: 3. Fuel Conversion, etc. Source: Outline of Global Warming Prevention (March 2002)

  16. NEDO’s Technology Development Activities in New Energy and Energy Conservation • Photovoltaic and wind power generation Silicon membranes, fuel cells using chemical compound • Fuel cells and hydrogen power generation Solid polymer membranes, production/transportation/storage supply of hydrogen • Biomass energy • Clean coal technology • High performance industrial furnaces, reduction of standby power, automobiles using high efficiency clean energy, etc.

  17. NEDO’s Supportive Activities for Dissemination of New Energy and Energy Conservation Technology • To introduce new technologies to end users experimentally, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of such technologies, in order to establish a basis for full-scale introduction and dissemination • Ex: Photovoltaics, wind power generation, biomass power generation, etc. Field test projects for experimental introduction • To provide subsidies as a part of project budget for full-scale introduction in order to accelerate the dissemination • Ex: Clean energy automobiles, photovoltaics, wind power generation, high performance industrial furnaces, high efficiency hot water supply, cogeneration, etc. Grant projects for full-scale introduction Cooperative projects for development of introduction plans -To cooperate with local authorities for the purpose of developing technology introduction plans -To seek smooth introduction and dissemination through advisory activities at plants

  18. Example of New Energy Utilization: Wind Power Generation -Large-scale wind power plant in Tomakomai, Hokkaido -Duration: FY 1999 to 2000 -NEDO grant: 1/3 of total project budget -Capacity: 30,600kw (1,650 kw x 14 units, 1,500 kw x 5 units)

  19. Example of New Energy Utilization: Photovoltaics -Photovoltaic field test project (World Trade Center in Tokyo, Japan) -Duration: FY 2000 -NEDO grant: ½ of total project budget -Capacity: 80 kw

  20. 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 Energy conservation rate of different furnaces 10,000 100 Energy conservation (Unit: kl, crude oil equivalent) 90 8,000 80 70 6,000 60 Energy conservation rate (%) 50 4,000 40 30 2,000 20 10 0 0 Heating furnace Heat- treating furnace Gas- treatment furnace Fusing furnace Ladle 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Equipment investment (billion yen) Example of Energy Conservation Technology Introduction: High Performance Industrial Furnaces Industrial furnace energy consumption share of total industrial energy consumption Investment and energy conservation (heating furnaces) NEDO grant: 1/3 of total project budget Industrial furnaces 40% Others

  21. CO2 Sequestration Projects in Japan From 2000 (RITE) Nagaoka-shi, Niigata Prefecture Sequestration in an aquifer From 1997 (NEDO, RITE) Joint project by Japan, US, Canada and Norway From 2002 (KANSO, J-COAL) Sequestration in a coal bed Ocean sequestration CH4 CO2 Contribution to IPCC Special Report CH 4 CH 4 CO 2 Coal bed Substitution CO2 fixation

  22. NEDO’s International Cooperation Program Purpose: Implementation of model projects that transfer and disseminate effective energy conservation and new energy technologies in Japan Budget in FY2002: Total : JPY 20 billion Energy conservation model projects (including fundamental research projects) JPY 14 billion Coal model projectsJPY 2 billion International cooperative projects for photovoltaic demonstration JPY 1 billion International joint research projects JPY 3 billion

  23. NEDO’s Model Project -1 • Purpose: To introduce Japan’s energy conservation technology to developing countries. • Budget (FY 2002): JPY 14 billion • Projects:

  24. NEDO’s Model Project -2 On-going projects and completed projects by sector

  25. Africa 4 Other Asian countries (Mongol) 1 South America 6 ASEAN 36 Middle East 12 South East Asia 12 183 Pj. （38 countries) Eastern Europe 19 China 34 Russia 29 CIS 30 Fundamental Research Project for the Promotion of JI/CDM Feasibility study for the purpose of exploring JI/CDM projects that introduce Japanese energy conservation and fuel conversion technologies: 183 projects have been carried out in 38 countries by 2001. FY1998-FY2001 June 2002: NEDO’s first obtaining of CO2 credit utilizing the Kyoto mechanism resulted from a project in Kazakhstan

  26. CTI Workshop in Japan -Four workshops have been held in Japan since 1998 -Workshop theme: Introduction of laws and policies relating to global warming prevention and energy conservation technologies (including plant visits) -Total number of participants by 2001: 58 Government/Industry

  27. CTI Workshop Overseas

  28. “CTI/Industry Joint Seminar on Technology Diffusion” Series BEIJING ( May 1998 ) WARSAW ( May 2000 ) ( Sep 2002 ) BRASTISLAVA ( July 1999 ) MADRID ( May 1999 ) CEBU ( Jan 2000 ) SAN SALVADOR ( Mar 2000 ) VICTORIA FALLS ( Mar 1999 )

  29. Summary • Short-term target:Development, introduction, and dissemination of energy conservation and new energy technologies will be pursued in Japan to achieve the Kyoto target. • Mid- to long-term target: Development of innovative technologies such as CO2 sequestration technology will be carried out. • Global activities, in which the US and developing countries participate, are important. To achieve desirable and balanced 3E (energy saving, environmental protection, economic development), in order to develop a sustainable economic society with environmental consideration.

  30. Technology Needs in China for GHG Emissions Reduction -1

  31. Technology Needs in China for GHG Emissions Reduction -2 Sources: -Methods for Climate Change Technology Transfer Needs Assessments and Implementing Activities, Developing and Transition Country Approaches and Experiences, Climate Technology Initiative, March 2002. -The Study on the Methodologies and its Application of Clean Development Mechanism in China (March 2002), National Strategy Studies Program (NSS) -People’s Republic of China, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)

  32. Technology Needs in India for GHG Emissions Reduction Sources: Cooperative Technology Implementation Plan (CTIP) for India, March 2002 India, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)

  33. Technology Needs in Thailand for GHG Emissions Reduction Sources: National CDM Strategy Study for The Kingdom of Thailand, National Strategy Studies Program (NSS) Thailand, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)

  34. Technology Needs in Indonesia for GHG Emissions Reduction Sources: National CDM Strategy Study for The Kingdom of Thailand, National Strategy Studies Program (NSS) Thailand, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)

  35. Technology Needs in Philippines for GHG Emissions Reduction Sources: -Draft Framework for Climate Change Technology Cooperation in the Philippines (August 1999), Technology Cooperation Agreement Pilot Project (TCAPP). The program in the Philippines was initiated under the TCAPP, and continued under the Cooperative Technology Partnership (CTP). -Philippines, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)

  36. Technology Needs in Vietnam for GHG Emissions Reduction Source: Vietnam, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)

  37. Contact Information: Global Environment Technology Development Department NEDO http://www. nedo.go.jp/get/index.html kankyo@nedo.go.jp SHIGETOMI Norio Email: shigetominro@nedo.go.jp Tel: +81 3 3987-9368

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