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Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic Trees. Ancestral Vs Derived. Ancestral: Trait of the ancestor “Older model” Often less complex Like the prokaryotes . Derived: Trait that is present in the organism, but not in the common ancestor (of the group being considered). “New and Improved Model”

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Phylogenetic Trees

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  1. Phylogenetic Trees

  2. Ancestral Vs Derived • Ancestral: • Trait of the ancestor • “Older model” • Often less complex • Like the prokaryotes • Derived: • Trait that is present in the organism, but not in the common ancestor (of the group being considered). • “New and Improved Model” • Not always more complex, but usually • Like Eukaryotes

  3. Cladistics • What: • Used to determine relative timing of divergences. • Why? Because it tells us about who evolved when • The hierarchy, or ranking, of groups derives logically from their genealogical position. • Example:

  4. Cladistics • Tools: (WHAT DO YOU USE TO BUILD ONE?) • Characters/Morphology • Embryology • Genetics (molecular tools) • Example:

  5. Embryology

  6. Embryology

  7. How to Build a Cladogram Eyes • http://ccl.northwestern.edu/simevolution/obonu/cladograms/Open-This-File.swf • Cladogram by Brightstorm: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DxNwzzjm_4 Eyes Eyes Eyes Eyes

  8. Charophytes Green Algae • Spirogyra, stonewoand desmids are all members of this fresh-water group of "green algae". • The base of the plant family

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