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Chapter 17: Nonrenewable Energy

Chapter 17: Nonrenewable Energy. Mr. Manskopf Notes also found at www.manskopf.com. BIG IDEA. Modern lifestyles require large amounts of energy. Much of that energy today comes from burning nonrenewable fuels. Using those fuels has a huge economic, social, political and environmental impact.

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Chapter 17: Nonrenewable Energy

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  1. Chapter 17: Nonrenewable Energy Mr. Manskopf Notes also found at www.manskopf.com

  2. BIG IDEA • Modern lifestyles require large amounts of energy. Much of that energy today comes from burning nonrenewable fuels. Using those fuels has a huge economic, social, political and environmental impact.

  3. Section: Energy Introduction • Define energy and the difference between kinetic and potential energy • Identify the main forms of energy • Describe how modern societies use energy. • TERMS: energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, renewable energy, nonrenewable energy, electricity.

  4. What Is Energy? • The ability to do work or cause a change • Kinetic energy: Due to motion • Potential energy: Due to an object’s position or shape

  5. Different fuels for different uses Would coal be a good transportation fuel? Would oil be good to use on your stovetop to heat up some pasta? • Each fuel has its best use • Electricity • Transportation fuel • Heating • Cooking • Running machines

  6. Fuels for different purposes Five main purposes for fuels • Cooking • Transportation • Manufacturing • Heating/cooling • Electricity Some fuels better for some purposes Why is coal not used to fly planes?

  7. How Do We Evaluate Which Fuel To Use? How should we decide what fuel to use for energy? Political, Economic, Energy Companies, Societal Debate

  8. Evaluating Energy Choices • Costs • Environmental Impacts • Availability in near future and long term • Governmental Incentives • National and Global Security • Terrorism

  9. Energy Sources Renewable:Nearly always available or replaceable in a relatively short time; includes sunlight, wind, flowing water, heat from Earth Nonrenewable:Cannot be replaced in a reasonable time; includes fossil fuels and nuclear energy

  10. Evaluating Energy Resources Non-renewable energy: • 84% of world commercial energy (78% from fossil fuels, 6% nuclear) • Oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear

  11. Evaluating Energy Resources Renewable Energy Sources: • 16% of world’s commercial energy resources. • 10% biomass, 5% hydro, and 1% combo of geothermal, wind and solar.

  12. Commercial Energy Use By Source 2002

  13. Global Energy Consumption

  14. U.S. Energy Consumption

  15. History of U.S. Consumption

  16. Section Review • Define energy and the difference between kinetic and potential energy • Identify the main forms of energy • Describe how modern societies use energy. • TERMS: energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, renewable energy, nonrenewable energy, electricity.

  17. Section : Fossil Fuels Goals • Explain how fossil fuels form. • Analyze how coal, oil, and natural gas is used and what are the benefits and costs of using it as a fuel source. • Compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuel use.

  18. What are fossil fuels? Fossil fuels are the remains of ancient organisms changed into solid (coal), liquid (oil) or gas (natural gas) • Why called fossil fuels? • Most energy today is from these 3

  19. What are fossil fuels? • Why are fossil fuels nonrenewable? TRAPPED CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY FROM ANCIENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  20. What are fossil fuels? • How is using fossil fuels like using energy from “ancient” solar energy? • Your life powered by sun that arrived on Earth millions of years ago?

  21. Electricity – Power on Demand

  22. Coal formation

  23. Fossil Fuels

  24. Section COAL

  25. History of Old King Coal After firewood, coal was the major source of energy. End of 1800s coal is the worlds dominant fuel. • Steam Engines • Heating • Cooking • Industry

  26. History of Old King Coal By 1920s, coal provided 80% of US energy. Powered the industrial revolution Caused a great deal of air pollution.

  27. What is coal? Coal is a solid fuel formed in several stages from remains of buried plants and animals. Consists mostly of carbon and trace amounts of sulfur, mercury and radioactive materials.

  28. What is coal? Anthracite is the most desirable form of coal (98% carbon) Takes longer to form More expensive.

  29. Coal Formation and Types

  30. How is coal extracted? Surface Mining: • Area Strip Mining • Contour Strip Mining • Mountaintop Removal Underground Mining Large environmental impact from different mining techniques.

  31. Coal Mining

  32. How is coal used? Coal provides 51% of current U.S. electricity. (62% worldwide) Used to make ¾ of worlds steel. A typical 1,000 Megawatt power plant uses 8,000 tons of coal every day…1 mile long train worth of coal every day.

  33. How is coal used? 91% of coal in U.S. is used for power production. Not useful for transportation energy needs.

  34. Where in the world is coal found? U.S. has 1/4th of the world proven reserves. (16% Russia, 12% China) U.S. and China are 2 largest users. U.S. is able to export about 4% a year.

  35. Where is the coal?

  36. How long will coal last? According to USGS… U.S. reserves could last 300 years at current rate of consumption…or 64 years if consumption grows by 4% a year. World’s most abundant fossil fuel. U.S. Energy Projections

  37. Coal Advantages • Most abundant fossil fuel. • Lots of energy • Relatively inexpensive. • U.S. has plenty of it for a while. • Power Plants relatively cheap to build.

  38. Coal Disadvantages • High environmental impact (air, water, land, acid rain) • Global Warming, high CO2 emissions • Toxic Mercury and radioactivity • Dangerous to mine

  39. Coal Review • History of coal use. • What is coal? How is it extracted from the ground? • How is coal used? How long will it last? • What are advantages and disadvantages of using coal?

  40. Section : Oil Key Ideas • What is crude oil? How does crude oil turn into usable products? • Where does oil come from? Who has oil? • How is oil used? • What are problems associated with oil usage? • How much longer will we have oil?

  41. Oil Rules!!! What is crude oil? Petroleum, or crude oil is a thick, gooey liquid consisting of many combustible hydrocarbons. Formed over millions of year from decaying organic materials buried under the seafloor and subjected to extreme temperatures and pressure.

  42. Oil Rules!!! What is crude oil? Crude oil and natural gas often found together in deep deposits in pores and cracks. • Found using sophisticated equipment. • Usually only 30-35% is extractable • Higher prices mean more can be extracted.

  43. Oil Rules!!! Transportation How crude oil is transported: • Pipelines • Trucks • Oil Tankers

  44. Refining crude oil. Based upon their boiling points, components are removed in giant distillation column. In US refining accounts for 8% of our energy consumption

  45. 1 barrel is 42 gallons

  46. Oil, Who Has It? Eleven OPEC countries contain 78% of world’s proven oil reserves Oil is the world’s largest business. Saudi Arabia 25% Canada 15% Iraq 11%, UAE 9.3%

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