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Muscular and Nervous Tissue

Learn about different types of muscular tissue (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) and nervous tissue, including their structures and functions in the human body. Understand how muscular tissue contracts for movement and how nervous tissue controls bodily functions and responses.

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Muscular and Nervous Tissue

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  1. Muscular and Nervous Tissue Chapter 4.3 Human Anatomy & Physiology

  2. Muscular Tissue • Function • Contracts to produce movement • Movement can be voluntary or involuntary

  3. Types of Muscular Tissue • 3 Types 1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac

  4. Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle • Appearance:striated (striped) and column-shaped cells (muscle fibers) • Alternating light and dark bands make striations • Location:Attached primarily to bones • Control:Voluntary (conscious) • Contracts quickly, tires easily (fatigable) • Allows for wide range of forces to be generated

  5. Skeletal Muscle Tissue - 400X

  6. Smooth Muscle • Appearance:spindle-shaped • Location:wall of hollow organs • example: Intestines, urinary bladder, ureters, blood vessels • Control:Involuntary • Contracts rhythmically and quickly

  7. Smooth Muscle

  8. Smooth Muscle Tissue - 400X

  9. Cardiac Muscle • Has features of both skeletal and smooth muscle - Like skeletal muscle, it has strong contractions and striated appearance - Like smooth muscle, it is under involuntary control and has rhythmic contraction

  10. Appearance:striated and branched • Location:heart • Function:contraction of heart pumps blood and causes the heartbeat • Control: Involuntary

  11. Cardiac Muscle Tissue - 400X

  12. Nervous Tissue • Theultimate control of all the organ systems is done by the nervous system. • Function: controls and coordinates all bodily functions and responds to internal and external stimuli. THINK… COMMUNICATION!

  13. Nervous Tissue • Found: brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves • The cells that transmit messages (impulses) are called neurons.

  14. Structure of a Neuron Nucleus Dendrites Axon terminals Cell body Myelin sheath Axon Nodes

  15. Neuron Structure • Dendrites extend from the cell body and carry impulses from the environment toward the cell body.

  16. Neuron Structure • The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body. • It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm.

  17. Neuron Structure • The axon is the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body.

  18. Neuron Structure • The axon is sometimes surrounded by an insulating membrane called the myelin sheath.

  19. Neuron Structure There are gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes, where the membrane is exposed. • Impulses jump from one node to the next.

  20. Neuron Structure Impulses are then passed to the next cell by the axon terminals.

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