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Analyzing Media Influence: Theory and Cultural Shifts in Modern Society

This review explores key media theorists and concepts including McLuhan's hot and cold media, Innis’s time and space bias, and Williams' critique of medium theory. It highlights the impact of technological determinism and the political-economic forces shaping media. Walter Benjamin's ideas on the loss of aura in mechanical reproduction, the duality of cultural values, and the cultural effects of mass media are examined. Additionally, the effects of media on community ties, public discourse, and cultural classlessness are analyzed through the works of Hoggart and Habermas.

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Analyzing Media Influence: Theory and Cultural Shifts in Modern Society

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Review from Monday • McLuhan: hot and cold media • Innis: time and space bias • Common point: dominance of visual

  2. Modernist Theories pt. 2 TODAY • Williams' critique of medium theory • Benjamin • Leavises and Lynds • Riesman and Hoggart • Habermas

  3. Raymond Williams Technological Determinism: the argument that technological development determines social and cultural change • Williams: media are not autonomous but rather caused by political-economic (military/commercial) forces

  4. Walter Benjamin1892-1940

  5. Walter Benjamin • The loss of aura (of authenticity) thanks to mechanical reproduction of art • Democratization of access to art • Cult value vs exhibition value • Art's radical potential (Brecht's Marxist theatre)

  6. The Leavises • Minority (elite, intellectual) versus Majority (standardized, mass) culture • Commercial mass media 'dumb down' pop culture • “Americanization”

  7. Robert and Helen Lynd

  8. The Lynds • Middletown:study of cultural changes in small town (Muncie, Indiana), 1890-1920 • New media's 'decentralizing tendency' and its double effect: - good: brings in information and expands people's horizons - bad: loosens community ties, separates private from public activity

  9. David Riesman Three Directions: 1. Tradition2. Inner 3. Outer Mass Media Encourage Outer Direction (Consumption to Fit In)

  10. Richard Hoggart

  11. The Uses of Literacy (1957) • Focus on British popular class • Mass media, esp. pop music = cultural classlessness

  12. Jürgen Habermas

  13. The Public Sphere • = public spaces where private individuals come together as equals to engage in public political debate, shaping public opinion and the governmental agenda

  14. The Demise of the Public Sphere • Habermas: capitalist/commercial media, advertising and PR killed public sphere • Refeudalization of public sphere as corporations come to control public discourse and opinion (powerful like feudal lords)

  15. British Coffee Houses

  16. Les salons

  17. Salons

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