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Review from Monday

Review from Monday. McLuhan : hot and cold media Innis : time and space bias Common point: dominance of visual. Modernist Theories pt. 2. TODAY Williams' critique of medium theory Benjamin Leavises and Lynds Riesman and Hoggart Habermas. Raymond Williams.

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Review from Monday

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  1. Review from Monday • McLuhan: hot and cold media • Innis: time and space bias • Common point: dominance of visual

  2. Modernist Theories pt. 2 TODAY • Williams' critique of medium theory • Benjamin • Leavises and Lynds • Riesman and Hoggart • Habermas

  3. Raymond Williams Technological Determinism: the argument that technological development determines social and cultural change • Williams: media are not autonomous but rather caused by political-economic (military/commercial) forces

  4. Walter Benjamin1892-1940

  5. Walter Benjamin • The loss of aura (of authenticity) thanks to mechanical reproduction of art • Democratization of access to art • Cult value vs exhibition value • Art's radical potential (Brecht's Marxist theatre)

  6. The Leavises • Minority (elite, intellectual) versus Majority (standardized, mass) culture • Commercial mass media 'dumb down' pop culture • “Americanization”

  7. Robert and Helen Lynd

  8. The Lynds • Middletown:study of cultural changes in small town (Muncie, Indiana), 1890-1920 • New media's 'decentralizing tendency' and its double effect: - good: brings in information and expands people's horizons - bad: loosens community ties, separates private from public activity

  9. David Riesman Three Directions: 1. Tradition2. Inner 3. Outer Mass Media Encourage Outer Direction (Consumption to Fit In)

  10. Richard Hoggart

  11. The Uses of Literacy (1957) • Focus on British popular class • Mass media, esp. pop music = cultural classlessness

  12. Jürgen Habermas

  13. The Public Sphere • = public spaces where private individuals come together as equals to engage in public political debate, shaping public opinion and the governmental agenda

  14. The Demise of the Public Sphere • Habermas: capitalist/commercial media, advertising and PR killed public sphere • Refeudalization of public sphere as corporations come to control public discourse and opinion (powerful like feudal lords)

  15. British Coffee Houses

  16. Les salons

  17. Salons

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