The Roman Republic

1. The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 30 BCE

2. Chapter Objectives • After this chapter, you should be able to do the following: • Describe how the Roman government was organized. • Explain how the Roman Republic was able to expand. • Summarize how the effects of conquest changed the Roman economy and government. • Discuss efforts to save the Roman Republic.

3. Government Consuls Senate Judges Assemblies Tribunes What were The Twelve Tables? Read Chapter 4 of Honors text • Other Important Vocabulary Words • Plebeians • Patricians • Veto • Honors and Humanities

4. Roman Expansion • The need to protect what they had (Etruscans). Read story of Horatius (pgs 29-21 Honors text) • Conquered or made allies • Very Strong Army – Legions (5000 Legionaries) • Dress the Roman Centurian • Mild Rulers of those they conquered

5. The Punic Wars

6. Carthage

7. The First Punic War • 264 BCE • First of Three Wars between Rome and Carthage • Carthage – Navy • Rome – Army (they later built a navy to compete) • Corvus • Rome won – Carthaginians left Sicily • Honors and Humanities

8. The Second Punic War • 218 BCE • Hannibal Barca • War Elephants • Battles BC Part 1 Show beginning the end, of Part 1 • Battles BC Part 1 Show beginning the end, of Part 1 • Not enough heavy equipment • Raided and burned • Battles BC Part 4 Show from minute 7 on Part 4 • Battles BC Part 5 Show beginning of Part 5 • Attacked Carthage Rome wins – 201 BCE Read Chapter 1 of Blue Book

9. Hannibal • 7 Minute Reenactment

10. The Third Punic War • 149 BCE • Carthage regaining power • Romans attacked • Carthaginians were finished • Rome attacked Corinth, Greece, for good measure.

11. 264 BCE

12. 50 BCE

13. 120 AD

14. The Effects of Conquest • Due to Hannibal • Small Farms to Large Estates (latifundias) • Who worked the latifundias? • Farmers moved to Rome – awful living conditions • Decline of the Roman Republic (135 BCE) • Taxes - Publicans • Farmers lost land/independence • Luxuries bought in other cities=Merchants grew poor • Government officials busy getting rich • Rich-----------------------------------------------------Poor

15. Roman Leadership • Next 100 years spent trying to improve Rome. (Read Text) REFORMERS • Tribune Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)– limit land ownership – gave public lands to the poor – ran for a second term – killed with his followers by Senate • Tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (123 BCE) – move poor from the city to the countryside – discount wheat to the poor – killed in 121 BCE by the Senate. • Read Chapter 2 of the Blue Book

16. Tiberius Gracchus Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8

17. Roman Leadership GENERALS • General Gaius Marius becomes Consul (107 BCE) – first lower class Roman to be elected this high – opened the Army to everyone – provided jobs – loyalty was to the general that hired them, not Rome. • Lucius Cornelius Sulla – opposed Marius – Marched on Rome (civil war) – named self Dictator – increased size of the Senate – made general move from one command to another yearly. • Video SummaryWatch only the first half, up to Julius Caesar Sulla

18. Slavery and Spartacus Roman Slaves- Academic Slavery and Spartacus- Academic Roman Slavery, Gladiators, and the Spartacus Revolt- Honors and Humanities Gladiator Spartacus in the Arena Crassus Spartacus Vs the Romans Final Scene I am Spartacus I am Spartacus (Pepsi) Spartacus – Behind the Myth 1 Spartacus – Behind the Myth 2

19. Julius Caesar • 6o BCE Sulla Retired • Rise of Caesar(watch from 5:35 on) • Caesar Vs Vincengentorix • Triumverate • Marcus Licinius Crassus • Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus • Julius Caesar • Crassus dies – the other two fight for power • Pompey murdered

20. Julius Caesar • 58 BCE – Governor of Roman Gaul • 57-50 BCE Conquered a lot of land (and people) • 50 BCE Told to dismantle his Army • 50 BCE Came to Rome with his Troops • 46 BCE – Self Appointed Dictator of Rome - • MADE MANY REFORMS WHICH HELPED DO A GREAT DEAL FOR ROME – THE PEOPLE LOVED HIM – BUT GUESS WHO FEARED HIM. • Killed by the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE – The Ides of March

21. The End of the Republic • New Triumverate – DID NOT LIKE EACH OTHER Mark Antony – Caesar’s closest follower Octavian – Caesar’s grand nephew/adopted son Marcus Lepidus – One of Caesar’s top officer