Leisure Definitions

1. Leisure Definitions

2. Today… • About me • Expectations • http://www2.cast.ilstu.edu/hurd/swu.htm • Historical perspectives • Modern perspective of leisure • What leisure is

3. Think, Pair, Share • Interview someone in class. • What is leisure to you? • How do you know when you are experiencing leisure? • How does leisure make you feel?

4. Historical Perspective on Leisure Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Ancient China

5. Ancient Greece • Philosophy of a good life and how to attain it • Great interest in the arts, learning & athletics • Plato • Spiritual & physical reward gain from participation in activities • Socrates • Knowledge was required in choosing the best pleasures • The good life was a life of right choices & conduct • Aristotle…major contributor

6. Ancient Greece • Aristotle • Leisure activities performed for their own sake • Leisure was freedom from an occupation • Leisure was a necessary condition of happiness • Contemplation was a proper use of leisure

7. Ancient Greece • Daily leisure activities in Greece • Philosophy, mathematics, cultural activities (poetry & music) • Leisure available only to aristocrats • Children’s early toys • Jacks, kites, marbles • Entertainment popular • Music, dance, drama, amphitheatres • Proxemos • Aided people in traveling abroad

8. Ancient Greece • Sport • First formalized Olympic games • Still only for aristocrats • Held every 4 years • Stopped for 1500 years after Roman conquest

9. Think, Pair, Share Has any of the ideals of leisure in ancient Greece survived today?

10. Ancient Rome • Leisure as spectacle • Privileged class • Sports & gymnastics • To keep body strong & spirit courageous • Games focused on worshiping Roman gods later developed into festivals • Festivals supervised by priesthood • Less concerned with the arts/culture

11. Ancient Rome • Built facilities • Amphitheatres, stadiums, parks, gardens • Open buildings for gymnastics, wrestling, contemplation • Entertainment became a central life activity • Gladiators fighting to death emerged

12. Greeks The good life Valued art & culture Intellectual & spiritual approach to leisure Improved the culture Romans Leisure as a spectacle Borrowed Greek art, architecture, & culture Mass recreation approach to leisure Devalued the culture Greeks vs. Romans

13. Ancient China • Quest for harmony, life balance, calmness, order, peace • Goal to prepare cultivated person in literary & martial arts • Rich in music, art, literature

14. Ancient China • Wealthy had servants for recreation • Chess players, painters, acrobats • Pleasure grounds • Covered markets to watch theatre, marionettes, take singing lessons

15. Other Influential Cultural Eras • The Renaissance • Age of painters – Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci, Donatello • Age of authors – Shakespeare, Cervantes • Age of adventure – travel • Arts & humanities boomed

16. Think, Pair, Share How do the Ancient Cultures Compare & Contrast

17. Leisure and Music • One of the earliest uses of music was in the accompaniment of theatrical dance and story-telling • How is music used in leisure? • iPods??? • Festivals • Concerts in the park

18. Leisure and Art • Art is a reflection of many aspects of society • Examples

19. Terrace at Sainte Adresse, Monet, 1867

20. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte—1884, 1884–86, Seurat

21. The Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881, Renoir

22. Modern definition of leisure Multiple definitions & perspectives…

23. Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)

24. Write down 3 things you do that fall into each of those categories: Play Game Sport Recreation1. 2. 3.

25. Write down 3 things you do that fall into each of those categories: Play Game Sport Recreation Puzzles Trivia Kayaking Gardening Animal play Cards Biking Socializing Geocaching Bocce ball Hiking Reading

26. Defining Leisure • Free time • State of Mind • Activity

27. Defining Leisure • Free time • Time after obligations • Ie. work, study, personal maintenance • Use time as you wish • Discretionary time

28. Free time as leisure How does the amount of free time change as we age? Young children…teens…college students…midlife….retirement

29. Defining Leisure • State of Mind • Leisure is defined by the meaning it holds for us • Fun for 1 isn’t fun for another • Ie. weeding a garden, sky diving • Your list of examples? • Same for relaxation, escape, challenge, etc.

30. Defining Leisure • Recreational Activity • Time away from work • Action based • Cleaning the house vs. bird watching • Purpose of relaxation, diversion, refreshment Your examples

31. Defining Leisure • Leisure is different for all of us. • Leisure is contextual – it’s different depending on how we were raised, when we were born, and where we grew up.

32. Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)

33. Play • Spontaneous, frivolous, motivated by sheer enjoyment • Non-serious, self-expression • Typically associated with children • Seen as instrumental in child development

34. Peter Brueghel’s Children’s Games (1560) http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/VirtualExhibits/Brueghel/imgmap.html

35. Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)

36. Games • Bound by rules & co-equal players • Mixed levels of skill & chance • Thai playground games • Ling ching bon…Monkey Snatches Ball/Keep Away • Bao Ying Choob…rock, paper, scissors

37. Examples of games for adults??

38. Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)

39. Recreation • Latin recreatio – that which refreshes or restores • Regarded as activity • Freely chosen, voluntary, without obligation • Parental choosing of activities? • Obligatory participation

40. Recreation • Centered on intrinsic motivation… • Socialization • dancing, parties, friends • Association • activities to keep people together • Clubs, hobbies • Competition • against others, themselves, environment

41. Recreation • Risk-taking • stakes are physical injury or death • Exploration • travel, sightseeing, snorkeling • Vicarious experiences • Watch movies or sporting events

42. Arts Music Drama Travel Hobbies Social activities Outdoor pursuits Adventure/risk taking Fitness Recreation Activities

43. Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)

44. Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills • Olympics • Rugby, Muay Thai, Takraw, soccer

45. Write down 3 things you do that fall into each of those categories: Play Game Sport Recreation Puzzles Trivia Kayaking Gardening Animal play Cards Biking Socializing Geocaching Bocce ball Hiking Reading

46. Characteristics of Leisure Choose 1 activity. List 3-5 reasons you enjoy it.

47. Characteristics of Leisure • There are some characteristics that are commonly found in leisure. • These characteristics may not all be prevalent in each leisure activity.

48. Freedom Intrinsic Reward Happiness Pleasure Play (play theory)* Game Relaxation Ritual Solitude Commitment Spirituality Risk 12 Characteristics of Leisure

49. Characteristics of Leisure • Freedom • Freedom from… • Work • Stress • Obligations • Freedom to… • Choose what to do/how to use free time • Are one of these more prominent to you than the other???

50. Characteristics of Leisure • Intrinsic reward • Doing something for its own sake • Activity is its own reward • Biking • accomplishment of riding 30 miles • feeling of being alone • What reasons for participation are on your list that are intrinsic?