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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. The Integumentary System. Integumentary system functions:. Protection Excretion Temperature maintenance Insulation and cushion Vitamin D3 synthesis Sensory detection. The integumentary system consists of. Cutaneous membrane Epidermis Dermis Accessory structures

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 The Integumentary System

  2. Integumentary system functions: • Protection • Excretion • Temperature maintenance • Insulation and cushion • Vitamin D3 synthesis • Sensory detection

  3. The integumentary system consists of • Cutaneous membrane • Epidermis • Dermis • Accessory structures • Subcutaneous layer • It is not part of the integumentary system • It separates the integumentary system from the deep fascia • Also known as hypodermis and superficial fascia

  4. Integumentary System

  5. The Epidermis

  6. Cells of the epidermis • Keratinocytes • Most abundant • Produce keratin • Fibrous protein that makes the epidermis though and water resistant • Melanocytes • Secretes melanin • Protects the cell against UV rays • freckles

  7. Cells of the epidermis • Langerhan’s cells • Cells that belong to the immune system • Merkel cells • Merkel discs = Merkel cell + nerve ending • Sense of touch

  8. Layers of the epidermis: • Stratum germinativum or basale • Stratum spinosum • Stratum granulosum • Stratum lucidum • Stratum corneum

  9. Layers of the Epidermis

  10. Stratum Germinativum (basale) • Single row of cells • Forms epidermal ridges • Basal or germinative cells • Merkel cells (touch) • Melanocytes

  11. Stratum Basale

  12. Stratum Spinosum • Prickle cells • Several layers of cells • Cells held together by desmosomes • Presence of Langerhan’s cells • Cells contain pre-keratin

  13. Stratum Granulosum • 3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes • No cell divisions • Lamellated granules • Contain a water resistant glycolipid that reaches the extracellular space • Keratohyalin granules • Combine with the intermediate filaments to form keratin that will make the skin stronger

  14. Stratum lucidum (clear layer) • Dead keratinocytes • Flat cells • In thick skin

  15. Stratum corneum • Outmost layer • 20-30 layers of cells • Dead cells • Cytoplasm filled with keratin • Constantly shedding and replaced

  16. The Dermis

  17. Dermal layers • Papillary layer • Contains blood vessels, lymphatics • Free nerve endings • Meissner corpuscles (touch, pressure) • Loose areolar connective tissue • Presence of dermal papillae • Produce fingerprints • Genetically determined

  18. Dermal papilla

  19. Fingerprints

  20. Dermal layers • Reticular Layer • Dense irregular connective tissue • Fewer cells • Contains network of collagen and elastic fibers to resist tension • Sweat and sebaceous glands • Rich blood supply • Hair follicles • Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure)

  21. Dermis • Both layers are rich in collagen and elastic fibers • Numerous fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages • Richly vascularized • Regulation of body temperature • Decubitus ulcers

  22. Skin color depends on • Blood supply • Carotene • Present in the s.corneum and hipodermis • Melanin

  23. Abnormal skin color • Flushed • Fever, hypertension • Pale • Jaundice • Cyanoses

  24. Accessory Structures

  25. Nails • Nail bodycovers the nail bed • Nail production occurs at the nail matrix • Eponychium (cuticle) overlies root • Free edge of nail extends over hyponychium • Lunula • Root • Nail folds

  26. Nail

  27. Hairs • Originate in hair follicle • Composed of rootand shaft • Root base (hair papilla) surrounded by hair bulb and root hair plexus • Cuticle = superficial dead protective layer • Cortex • Medulla

  28. Hair • Follicle • Epidermal layer • Internal epithelial root sheath • External epithelial root sheath • Glassy membrane • Connective root sheath • Papilla • Blood vessels enter the hair

  29. Hair • Arrector pili muscle • Smooth muscle • When contracted cause dimpling of the skin

  30. Cutaneous Glands • Sebaceous • Sudoriferous

  31. Sebaceous glands • Discharge waxy sebum onto hair follicle or on the skin surface • Not present on palms and soles • Sebum • Oil + dead cells • Keep skin and hair moist • Black head • Acne

  32. Sebaceous Glands and Follicles

  33. Sudoriferous glands • Apocrine sweat glands • Axilla and genital areas • Begin secretion at puberty • Produce odorous secretion rich in protein and fat • Merocrine(eccrine) sweat gland • All over the body • Regulates body temperature • Sweat or perspiration • Water, salt, urea

  34. Sweat Glands

  35. Fingerprint • Impressions caused by • Ink, sweat, oil, blood,etc • Patterns • Archs • Loops • whorls

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