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The Periodic Table

Discover how the periodic table is organized by atomic number, with metals, non-metals, and metalloids categorized in groups and periods. Learn about the three classes of elements, valence electrons, octet rule, and characteristics of transition metals. Explore the vertical columns, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. This guide provides insight into the fundamental structure of elements and their properties within the periodic table framework.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. How the Periodic Table is organized • In order of increasing atomic number. • Can be broken down into • Metals, non metals and metalloids Groups = columns Periods = rows

  3. 1A 8A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Transition Metals Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

  4. 3 classes of elements • Metals: • Most elements are metals • Good conductors of heat, high luster, solids at room temperature (except Mercury) malleable • Non- Metals: • Most are gasses at room temp (bromine is liquid) • Tend to have opposite properties of metals • Metalloids: • Has properties of both metals and nonmetals • Can behave as either metal or nonmetal.

  5. Breakdown of Metals, nonmetals and metalloids

  6. Transition Metals- d block • Most are good conductors of electricity and heat. • They vary in their reactivity • They form highly colored ions in solution.

  7. Valence Electrons and Octet Rule • Valence electrons - # of electrons in outer most shell. • Octet Rule – All elements want to have 8 electrons in their valence shell.

  8. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 1A- Alkali Metals • Soft, silver grey metals, VERY reactive with water (explosive) • Have 1 electron in outer valence shell • Group 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals • Less reactive than alkali metals. • Have 2 e- in outer valence shell.

  9. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 3A- • React with halogens. • 3 e- in outer shell • Group 4A- • All life are carbon based compounds- very important element! • 4 e- in outer shell!

  10. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 5A- • Except Nitrogen gas, all elements are solids at room temperature • 5 e- in valence shell. Group 6A- • Oxygen reacts with most elements to form oxides. • 6 e- in valence shell.

  11. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 7A- Halogens • Nonmetals, very reactive, do not exist in elemental form in nature. • 7 e- in valence shell. Group 8A- Noble Gases • Each gas has a characteristic color in a gas tube. • 8 e- in valence shell.

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