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Understanding Muscle Growth and Atrophy: Influences, Factors, and Adaptations

This presentation explores concepts of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, detailing the mechanisms behind muscle growth and loss. It differentiates between transient and chronic hypertrophy, explains the role of resistance training, proper nutrition, and hormonal factors in increasing muscle mass. Additionally, it discusses muscle atrophy causes, including neurogenic conditions and disuse, alongside their symptoms. Understanding these aspects is crucial for designing effective training programs and promoting muscle health throughout life.

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Understanding Muscle Growth and Atrophy: Influences, Factors, and Adaptations

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  1. Lean…. Mean…. MUSCLE!!! Presentation 4 By: Maria Canino&MalleryBoczek

  2. Increasing/Decreasing Quantities of Muscle Increasing: Hypertrophy • Transient hypertrophy: Short-term hypertrophy or refers to the “pumped-up” look of muscle that occurs during a resistance training session • Chronic hypertrophy: long-term increase in muscle size

  3. Increased Muscle Mass … • Hyperplasia- increase in the number of cells (muscle fibers) • 1. Proper Nutrition (65% CHO, 20% Fat, 15% Protein) • 2. Resistance Training • 3. Genetics • 4. Hormonal Secretion Levels (Testosterone and Androgens)

  4. Increased Muscle Mass … • Resistance training leads to trauma or injury of the cellular proteins in muscle. • This prompts cell-signaling messages to activate satellite cells to begin a cascade of events leading to muscle repair and growth. • The adaptation of muscle to the overload stress of resistance exercise begins immediately after each exercise bout, but often takes weeks or months for it to physically manifest itself.

  5. Inc./Dec. Continued… • The most adaptable tissue in the human body is skeletal muscle • Remodeled after continuous, and carefully designed, resistance exercise training programs. • Decreased amounts of muscle mass is known as muscle atrophy • Caused by physical inactivity

  6. Peak Functional Levels of Muscle Under normal conditions… • Human muscle strength in women and men reaches its peak between the ages of 20-30 years • After the “peak age” it remains virtually unchanged for another 20 years, if there is no disease or injury

  7. Dysfunctional Levels of Muscle Muscle atrophy: is the loss or wasting of muscle tissue throughout the body 2 basic ways in which this disease can form: • Neurogenic atrophy: a disease caused when an injury or disease harms the nerve which attaches to the muscle • Can occur suddenly • Disuse atrophy: which is caused by a lack of physical activity • Muscles are not used often or movement is limited • Causes damage to muscles

  8. Symptoms: • Weak and flabby muscle – • Difficulty performing exercise routines, basic lifting (bedridden patients) • Damaged muscle – • Neurogenic muscle atrophy, stooped posture where the muscle has become damaged • Pain and difficulty in moving – • Frequent back pain or difficulty walking • Hamstring contractures, limited range of neck motion, or rigid spine • Heart failure- • In more extreme cases, can begin to develop heart failure

  9. Other possible causes… • Injury or over use (sprains, strains, cramps, tendinitis) • Genetic disorder (muscular dystrophy) • Some cancers • Inflammation (myositis) • Diseases of nerves that affect muscles • Infections • Certain medicines

  10. References Charge, S. B. P., and Rudnicki, M.A. (2004). Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiological Reviews, Volume 84, 209-238. Waters, Baumgartner & Garry 2000; Vandervoort & Symons 2001 Written for the American College of Sports Medicine by Michael G. Bemben, Ph.D., FACSM http://www.md-health.com/Muscle-Atrophy.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/muscledisorders.html Google images

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