Is Your Epidermis Showing? The Integumentary System and Its Functions

1. Is Your Epidermis Showing?The Integumentary System and Its Functions Kathleen Walker Sue Francek Danielle Clement

2. The Basics • The word Integument comes from a Latin word that means to cover. • Bodies largest organ • Integumentary system includes: • Hair • Nails • Variety of glands • Supports Excretory System in removal of wastes

3. The Functions • Serves as a barrier against infection and injury     • Helps to regulate body temperature • Removes waste products from the body • Provides protection against UV radiation from the sun • Produces Vitamin D

4. Epidermis Top layer Translucent Barrier Melanin is here Dermis Blood Vessels Nerves Sweat Glands Hair roots Much deeper Collagen is here Hypodermis- a.k.a. Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Differs from person to person Large Blood vessels and nerves Made up of clumps of fat filled cells Lies on muscles and bones Attaches whole skin structure to body Loose so skin can move freely Layers of Skin

5. Melanin is the human's only protection from the natural rays of the sun. Darker hue of color skin is, more melanin have Works hard when out in sun to protect against harm Colors fur, feathers, scales Possesses unique ability to absorb  various energy sources and convert these absorbed energies in to re-usable energy Music vibration and sound waves, the sun rays, sun heat, light rays etc.    Melanin • Pigmentation • Different types for all humans • Ranging from Albino( lack of • color- very white), through fair, • tan, olive, chocolate, and Black • Also, hair types, from blondes to brunettes, redheads, to black hair. • Melanin helps to determine pigmentation in both hair and skin • Melanosomes in epidermis contain cells called melanocytes which produce melanin. The color • of skin depends mainly on amount of melanin • present in the other layers of the epidermis. • Thickness of epidermis and vascularity of the • Epidermis also contribute

6. The average person has 2.6 million sweat glands in their skin! All over the entire body except for the lips, nipples and external genital organs Are in the dermis layer Sweat gland- long, coiled, hollow tube of cells Sweat is produced in coil Duct connects the gland to the opening or pore on outer surface. Nerve cells from the sympathetic nervous system connect to the sweat glands Eccrine- most numerous types of sweat glands that are found all over the body, especially palms of the hands, soles of the feet and forehead Smaller than apocrine Active at birth Sweat is free of protein and fatty acid Apocrine - armpits ( and anal-genital area) End in hair follicles, not pores. The two glands differ in size, the age that they become active and the composition of the sweat that they make. Active at puberty Modified sweat glands produce ear wax! Sweat

7. Hair Hair follicles: tube-like pockets of epidermal cells----- extend into dermis. Each hair we see is actually keratin-filled columns of dead cells. Hair grows from the base of the follicle, or hair root. Melanin causes hair to have color. Sebaceous Glands secrete oil to keep hair healthy. Our body uses hair for insulation and protection Most individual hairs grow for several years and then fall out. Nails The nail matrix or nail root is an area of rapidly dividing cells where nail growth takes place, located at the tips of the fingers and toes. Nails form during cell division, when the cells are filled with keratin, causing a hard protective covering to form over the tips of the fingers/toes Pinkish color comes from the tissue underneath the nail Nails grow at a rate of 0.5 to 1.2 mm per day! Hair and Nails

8. Acne Eczema Burns Fungus Hair Loss Warts Scabies Wrinkles Shingles Chicken Pox Psoriasis Rosacea Allergic Reactions Hives Skin Cancer Impetigo Conditions

9. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Second most common skin cancer in Caucasians May increase rapidly firm fleshy growth Large bump-may turn into an ulcer If not treated, could spread to lymph glands. Elderly Chronic sun exposure is main cause Basal Cell Carcinoma Most common skin cancer in Caucasians Slow growing Ulcer-like Pigmented Malignant Melanoma Less common, but more serious (75% of all S.C. deaths) Cancer of pigment cells Dark spot, mole-like Commonly found on fingers toes and face Skin Cancer

10. Treatment Types (most common) • Removal ASAP through surgery (several kinds) • Radiation therapy • Electrochemotherapy • If cancerous, removed surgically • Treatment type depends on • age, overall health, and medical history • extent of the disease • tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies • How the disease will progress • your opinion or preference

11. Bibliography • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/skincancer.html • http://www.nsc.gov.sg/cgi-bin/WB_GroupGen.pl?id=33 • http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/skin.html • http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/skin.html • http://www.cancerindex.org/medterm/medtm5.htm • http://health.howstuffworks.com/sweat.htm

12. Study Guide • The word Integument means ______________. • Know that the skin is the body’s largest organ. • Know which three things the Integumentary System includes. • Know that the Integumentary System supports the Excretory system in the removal of wastes • The Integumentary System protects the body against injury, infection, as well as UV radiation. The skin also regulates body temperature, and produces Vitamin D.

13. **Layers of Skin- Top is epidermis- barrier, translucent Mid is dermis - blood vessels, hair roots, sweat glands, nerves Hypodermis - attach skin to body, made up of fat cells, differs from person to person s **Melanin- Our natural sun protection More melanin, darker the skin color Colors fur, feathers, scales Absorbs energy sources Pigmentation Differs for all humans Albino to Black Melanin determines pigmentation **Sweat 2.6 million sweat glands Entire body, except lips, nipples, and external genitals *Eccrine- more numerous glands Smaller Present at birth No protein or fatty scids *Aprocrine- armpits and anal-genitals Present at puberty Sweat gland- long, coiled, hollow tube of cells Sweat is produced in coil Duct connects the gland to the opening or pore on outer surface. Nerve cells from the sympathetic nervous system connect to the sweat glands Study Guide

14. Study Guide -Hair and Nails • Where are hair follicles located in the skin? • What is the base of the hair follicle? What happens here? • What role does melanin play in the development of hair? • What is the purpose of the Sebaceous gland? • What is another word for Nail root and what takes place there? • Skin Conditions • List at least 5 skin common skin conditions and give a brief explanation of each. • Skin Cancer • What are the three most common types of skin cancer? Explain briefly. • Name three types of treatment. • How do professionals choose the treatment type for each patient?

15. EXAM QUESTIONS *Describe the three layers of the skin and briefly explain a few facts about them Answer- Epidermis- top layer, barrier Dermis- blood vessels, hair roots, sweat glands, nerves Hypodermis- attach skin to body, made up of fat cells, differs from person to person Multiple Choice Question The skin mainly produces which of the following vitamins a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin B+ d. Melanin e. None of the above Answer- B

16. Exam Question • Label the following pictures as one of the three most common skin cancers.