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C H A P T E R   2 Kinematics in One Dimension

C H A P T E R   2 Kinematics in One Dimension. Mechanics. The study of Physics begins with mechanics. Mechanics. The study of Physics begins with mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change. .

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C H A P T E R   2 Kinematics in One Dimension

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  1. C H A P T E R   2Kinematics in One Dimension

  2. Mechanics The study of Physics begins with mechanics.

  3. Mechanics The study of Physics begins with mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change.

  4. Mechanics The study of Physics begins with mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change. There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics.

  5. Mechanics The study of Physics begins with mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change. There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics. Kinematics deals with the concepts that are needed to describe motion, without any reference to forces. Chapter 2: Kinematics in one dimension Chapter 3: Kinematics in two dimensions

  6. Mechanics The study of Physics begins with mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change. There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics. Kinematics deals with the concepts that are needed to describe motion, without any reference to forces. Chapter 2: Kinematics in one dimension Chapter 3: Kinematics in two dimensions Dynamics deals with the effect that forces have on motion. Chapter 4: Dynamics

  7. Distance and Displacement

  8. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west.

  9. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance?

  10. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m

  11. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m Q: What is the displacement?

  12. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m Q: What is the displacement? A: 50-m, due east.

  13. Displacement The displacement Äx is a vector that points from the initial position to the final position. SI Unit of Displacement: meter (m)

  14. Figure 2-2One-Dimensional Coordinates

  15. 2.2 Speed and Velocity • Average Speed • Average Velocity • Instantaneous Velocity • Instantaneous Speed

  16. Average Speed Units for speed: m/s, MPH, kmPH.

  17. Conceptual Checkpoint 2-1Average Speed

  18. Average Velocity Units for velocity: m/s, MPH, kmPH.

  19. Figure 2-6Constant Velocity on an x-Versus-t Graph

  20. Example 2-2Sprint Training

  21. Figure 2-4Motion Along the X Axis Represented with an x-Versus-t Graph

  22. Figure 2-5aAverage Velocity on an x-Versus-t Graph

  23. Figure 2-5bAverage Velocity on an x-Versus-t Graph

  24. Instantaneous Velocity and Speed The instantaneous velocityv indicates how fast an object moves and the direction of the motion at each instant of time. The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity is called the instantaneous speed, and it is the number (with units) indicated by the speedometer.

  25. Figure 2-7Instantaneous Velocity

  26. Figure 2-8Graphical Interpretation of Average and Instantaneous Velocity

  27. Acceleration

  28. Acceleration Units: m/s2, cm/s2

  29. Table 2-3Typical Accelerations (m/s2)

  30. Figure 2-9v-Versus-t Plots for Motion with Constant Acceleration

  31. Example 2-3An Accelerating Train

  32. Instantaneous acceleration Acceleration at a particular instant is called instantaneous acceleration.

  33. Figure 2-10Graphical Interpretation of Average and Instantaneous Acceleration

  34. Deceleration

  35. Deceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction.

  36. Deceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction. Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite directions, the object slows down and is said to be “decelerating.”

  37. Figure 2-11Cars Accelerating or Decelerating

  38. Deceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction. Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite directions, the object slows down and is said to be “decelerating.” Example 4: A drag racer crosses the finish line, and the driver deploys a parachute and applies the brakes to slow down. The driver begins slowing down when t0 = 9.0 s and the car's velocity is v0 = +28 m/s. When t = 12.0 s, the velocity has been reduced to v = +13 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the dragster?

  39. Kinematics Equations

  40. Figure 2-13aThe Average Velocity

  41. Figure 2-14Velocity Versus Time for the Boat in Example 2-5

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