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### States of Matter Explained: Kinetic Energy & Pressure in 4 Forms ###

This informative piece covers the four states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma- focusing on their kinetic energy levels and the resulting physical states they exhibit. Explanations include illustrations and comparisons to help understand these concepts easily. ###

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### States of Matter Explained: Kinetic Energy & Pressure in 4 Forms ###

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Needed this week • Balloons • One and two liter bottles • Cotton gloves (to handle and protect from dry ice?)

  2. Chapter 13, States of Matter • Four states of matter you need to know: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  3. Determining the states of matter • The amount of kinetic energy a substance contains determines its physical state (solid, gas, liquid). The more energy it has, the “looser” it is bound

  4. States of Matter

  5. Adding Kinetic Energy

  6. Notice • Did you notice that the Kinetic energy was added in the form of heat?

  7. Solids • Solids stick together and stay in the same position next to each other (Like a class in which all students are seated)

  8. Liquids • In a liquid, the particles touch each other but can move freely, like students in a crowded hallway.

  9. Gases • In a gas, the molecules are not in regular contact with each other and bounce off when they hit one another (picture sixth graders in gym)

  10. Gas Pressure • Gas pressure is the results of trillions of molecules banging against each other. The pressure is exerted in all directions at once. This is how a balloon or a tire stays inflated.

  11. Gas Pressure

  12. Atmospheric pressure • Atmospheric pressure is the pull of gravity on all the gas above us in the atmosphere. • A Barometer measures this pressure • At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury, on Mt. Everest, it is 253 mm of mercury

  13. Barometer

  14. Measuring pressure • Atmospheres (atm) • mm of Mercury (mm Hg) • Pascals (Pa) • Kilopascals (because pascals are tiny) (kPa)

  15. Note = Dumb ole’ TV and radio meteorologists use inches of mercury rather than mm or kPa!!! One inch is 25.4 mm 760 mm = 29.92 inches

  16. Converting • 1atm equals • 760 mm Hg equals • 101.3 kPa • 1atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa

  17. Swapping units • 450 kPa X 760 mm Hg = 3400 mm Hg • 101.3 kPa • Note that 760 mm Hg and 101.3 kPa are the same pressure, so you multiply by one to convert

  18. Standards • STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure • 273 K (0° Celsius) • standard pressure is 1 atm • At STP, one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L

  19. Temperature and Kinetic Energy • Temperature is the Average Kinetic Energy in a substance

  20. Should you need more and better explanations: • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter (needs java)(animation) • http://www.chemtutor.com/sta.htm (text) • http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/states.htm (animation and text) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9WYweBA6vA (music Video)

  21. More links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBBmdqti_Kg (student project video) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDZhUkp30tE (teacher done music video)

  22. Conclusions • Answers questions 3-5 on page 389. Click the sounds icon for my answers

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