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Career Development Theory by Mr. Michael Thompson Director of Counseling and Career Development

The 2009 Career Education and Work Governor's Institute June 15-June 19. Career Development Theory by Mr. Michael Thompson Director of Counseling and Career Development Middletown Area School District. Career Development.

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Career Development Theory by Mr. Michael Thompson Director of Counseling and Career Development

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  1. The 2009 Career Education and Work Governor's Institute June 15-June 19 Career Development Theory by Mr. Michael Thompson Director of Counseling and Career Development Middletown Area School District

  2. Career Development • A behavior of continuous lifelong processes of developmental experiences. • Focuses on seeking, obtaining and processing information about self, life style and role options related to work, family and leisure. • “ The process through which people come to understand themselves as they relate to the world of work and their role in it.”

  3. Career Development • Individual’s fashion; a work identity. • In America, “What we do becomes, who we are.” • Educational systems need to assist and consider the responsibility of developing this for the future of our youth and the nation.

  4. What Is Career Development Theory? Why Study It? Theories and research provide the “conceptual glue” for, as well as, describe where, when and for what purpose career counseling, career education, career guidance and other strategic career interventions are implemented.”

  5. Sources of Theory-4 Disciplines • Differential PsychologyWork and occupations • PersonalityView individuals as organizers of their own experiences • SociologyFocus on groups and occupational mobility • Developmental PsychologyConcerned with the “life course”

  6. History of CD Theory Trait Factor: Parsons-1920’s Match personal traits to occupations Developmental: Super-1950’s Self-concept over life span Decision: Bandura-1970’s Situational or sociological Psychological: Holland-1980’s Personality types match work environment

  7. Holland Theory of Vocational Types • Behavioral Style or Personality Types: • the major influence on career development themes • Occupation or Choice is an expression of personality and not random • Members of an occupational group have similar personalities • People in each group will respond to situations similarly • Occupational achievement, stability and satisfaction depends on CONGRUENCE, between one’s personality and work environment

  8. Holland Types RealisticHands-on R InvestigativeAnalytical I C ArtisticCreative E A SocialPeople S EnterprisingLeadership ConventionalOrder and Detail

  9. Personality Types R I C E A S Differentiate Difference between 1st and 2nd type Congruence Fit between rest type and work environment Consistency Closeness on the hexagon with 1st and 2nd choice R I C Types are expressed in 3 letters (i.e.) IRC

  10. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory Professor Albert Bandura • Individuals evaluate their control over their actions and environment. • Self-efficacy beliefs are the most influential predictors of human behavior. • The level and strength of self-efficacy will determine whether a coping behavior will be initiated; how much effort will result; how long the effort will be sustained in the face of obstacles.

  11. Four Influential Sources of Self-Efficacy Professor Albert Bandura • Personal performance and accomplishments • Vicarious Experiences • modeling, watching others • Verbal Persuasion • verbal encouragement or discouragement • Physiological and Emotional Facts • perception of stress reaction

  12. Self-Efficacy vs. Self Esteem Self-Efficacy Person’s perception of their ability to reach a goal Self-Esteem Sense of self-worth

  13. Destiny Idea High Self-Efficacy Low Self-Efficacy Control of own life Little or no control….FATE!

  14. Efficacy vs. Outcome Expectations • Outcome Expectation • Estimate that a given behavior will lend to a particular outcome • Efficacy Expectation • Successfully execute the behavior and assured to produce the outcomes sought

  15. Self-beliefs • Self-beliefs about abilities play a central role in the career decision process. • People move away from those occupations requiring capabilities they think they do not possess or they can not develop. • People move towards those occupations requiring capabilities they think they either have or can develop.

  16. Personal Goals • Personal goals influence career behaviors in important ways. • Personal goals relate to one’s determination to engage in certain activities to produce an out. • Goals help to organize and guide behavior over long periods of time.

  17. In Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory Providing opportunities, experiences and significant adults to impact self-efficacy in all children becomes VITAL.

  18. Super's Developmental Self-Concept Theory • Vocational development is the process of diverging and implementing a self-concept. • As self-concept becomes more realistic and stable, so does vocational choice and behavior. • People choose occupations that permit them to express their self-concepts. • Work satisfaction is related to the degree that they’ve been able to implement their self-concepts.

  19. Career Maturity • Similarity between one’s vocational behavior and what is expected for that stage of development • Readiness to cope with developmental tasks in a given stage

  20. Super's Stages of Career Development • Growth (Birth to mid teens) self -concept - play to work • Sub Stages • Fantasy (4-10) Little reality • Interest (11-12) Identifies likes and dislikes • Capacity (13-14) more reality • Exploration (mid teens – early 20’s realistic self concept; role tryouts • Sub Stages • Tentative (15-17) tentative choices • Crystallization (18-21) specific choice • Specification (22-25) trial/little commitment

  21. Super's Stages of Career Development Super Stages Continued • Establishment (mid 20’s -40’s) find a secure niche in career and advance • Trial and Stabilization(25-30)-process of settling down • Advancement-(30-40)-Secure position and acquire seniority • Maintenance (40-60’s) Major task is to preserve gains and develop non-occupation roles for things always wanted to do • Decline (late 60’s-retirement) Tasks are decelerating and gradual disengagement from career. Part-time and volunteer work.

  22. Developmental Tasks • Crystallization-Forming a general vocational goal (Exploration) • Specification-Tentative to specific (Exploration) • Implementation-Complete training (Exploration) • Stabilization-confirm choice through experience (Establishment) • Consolidation-Advance in a career (Establishment)

  23. Implications of Super's Theory of Career Counseling • Identify the career development stage and set goals for mastering of the tasks unique to each style. • Help students clarify self-concepts because any task that enhances self -knowledge will increase vocational maturity. • Expose students to a wider range of careers because occupational options narrow over time. • Direct work experiences are vital. Try on roles in real worlds of work. • Super’s Developmental view of career development in the context of the self allows for changes over time. • Very appropriate in the 21st century work place.

  24. Mr. Michael Thompson Director of Counseling and Career Development Middletown Area School District (717) 948-3333 ext. 6006 mthompson@raiderweb.org

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