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DUST PROBLEMS AT WORK PLACES PREVENTION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Burak Yasun OHS Expert / Mining Engineer 25 May 2010 Ank

DUST PROBLEMS AT WORK PLACES PREVENTION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Burak Yasun OHS Expert / Mining Engineer 25 May 2010 Ankara. Notion and The Characteristics of Dust.

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DUST PROBLEMS AT WORK PLACES PREVENTION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Burak Yasun OHS Expert / Mining Engineer 25 May 2010 Ank

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  1. DUST PROBLEMS AT WORK PLACES PREVENTION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Burak Yasun OHS Expert / Mining Engineer 25 May 2010 Ankara

  2. Notion and The Characteristics of Dust Dust is one of the main pollutants of air and also the general name of the solid materials which are suspended in the air for a time.

  3. >500 micron ≤500 micron 0.5-5 micron

  4. The Sources of Dust Dust can be formed by, DIGGING, DRILLING, CRUSHING, CUTTING, ABRADING, RUPTURING processes and EMPTYING,CARRYING,STORING,USING of materials.

  5. Dusts can be classified according to their physical, chemical properties or biological behaviours. Major groups in terms of biological effects are: a-İnert Dusts: Ex. Barium Dust

  6. b-Toxic Dusts: Lead, chrome, nickel, cadmium and other heavy metal dusts might be examples. c-Allergic Dusts: Although the cotton dust is the typicalexample,flex, hemp ,sugar cane dust, organic dusts from feather of birds and chalk can be counted in this group.

  7. d-Fibrogenic Dusts: Asbestos, Man Made Mineral Fibers.

  8. e-Carcinogen Dusts: With asbestos, some of metal dusts as chrome, nickel, cadmium and arsenic dusts cause kinds of cancers.

  9. Dusts According to Their Physical Properties: INHALABLE RESPIRABLE

  10. According to Their Chemical Properties INORGANIC DUSTS *Metallic Dusts (Fe, Cu, Al, Zn, Pb etc.) *Non-Metallic Dusts(Sulphur etc.)

  11. ORGANIC DUSTS * Plant-Based Dusts (Cotton, wood, flour, hay, plant seeds etc.) *Animal-Based Dusts (Feather, hair, leather vb.) *Synthetic Compoundsof Dusts(plastic, resin, rubber etc.)

  12. NEGATIVE EFFETCS of DUST -Health Effects (Lung diseases, skin and eye irritation) -Explosion Risk, -Low visibility, -Effects to the sensitive devices.

  13. LUNG DISEASES CAUSED BY INORGANIC DUSTS Pneumoconiosis: The word of pneumoconiosis comes from Greek. The word pneuma (air,wind) and the word konis (dust)come together. +

  14. Silicosis Silicosis is one of the oldest known occupational diseases “SiO2”

  15. According to the crystal structure of silicon dioxide, There are three different forms , quartz, cristobalite and tridymite .

  16. Silicosis is frequently seen in mining and construction sector.

  17. Silicosis disease can be divided into three types according to the severity of exposure a-Chronic(Classical) Silicosis: b-Accelerated Silicosis: c-Acute Silicosis:

  18. a-Chronic Silicosis: Occurs between 20 and 40 years. b-Accelerated Silicosis: Occurs between 5 and 10 years. c-Acute Silicosis: Occurs within a few weeks in the period up to five years. The disease is rapidly progressive.

  19. Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis This lung disease occurs when the coal workers are exposed to the coal dust ,during coal extraction from underground mines. Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis has two major forms as “simple” and “complicated”.

  20. Simple:

  21. Complicated:

  22. Asbestosis: Asbestos is the general name of fibrous mineral silicates occurs naturally in the structure. Asbestos has resistant to external factors such as hot-cold, acid, abrasion, corrosion. Because of these features, asbestos is a suitable substance for the manufacture of durable materials.

  23. According to World Health Organisation, The biologically more important so-called “critical” fibres are those equal to or longer than 5 μm and having diameters up to 3 μm with an aspect ratio equal to or greater than 3 : 1. Today, the most widely used type of asbestos in industry, also known as white asbestos is chrysotile asbestos . Most white asbestos is used as heat insulation materials.

  24. Siderosis: Type of pneumoconiosis caused by iron dust and iron oxide dust storing at lungs. (FeO; Fe2O3;)

  25. LUNG DISEASES CAUSED BY ORGANIC DUSTS Workers may also be exposed to variety of organic dusts. Especially in agriculture and animal husbandry and food industry workers in business terms such as exposure is concerned.

  26. Bisinosis Type of respiratory diseases caused by inhalation of cotton dust. Causes shortness of breath “Monday Sickness”

  27. DUST EXPLOSIONS Dusts are not only damaging to health ,will also show explosive properties For example: aluminium, iron, zinc, pyrite ore, flour, sugar, cocoa, wood and coal etc.

  28. In general, for occuring dust explosion, dust and the media should have the following features : -Dust must be flammable, -Dust can be thrown in the air, should be able to fly, -Dust should be in flammable proportion in size, -Dust concentration can be explosive range, -There should be an igniton source, -Amount of oxygen in the air must ensure the explosion.

  29. Criterias of Coal Dust Explosion: -Amount of volatile materials, -Concentration of coal dust, -Particle size of coal dust, -The presence of oxygen gas , -Turbulence, -The presence of methane gas, -Properties of ignition source, -Temperature, -Humidity, -Pressure.

  30. For the dust explosion in mines, the minimum amount of dust should be 0.06oz./ft³ . With the methane adding, this amount decreasing by %2 methane --- 0.04oz/ft³ %4 methane --- 0.02oz/ft³

  31. Protection and Prevention Medical Protection: -Recruitment Examination(work before ) -Periodic Examination (early detection)

  32. Protection and Prevention Technical Protection -Wet work -Proper ventilation -Dust Sampling and Analysis -Personel Protective Equipment

  33. Wet Work In Mines 1.Wet drilling, 2.Sluicing the production units, 3.Ignition under the control of water containers, 4.Settling the dust by water,during transport 5.Wet cutting.

  34. DUST SAMPLING and DETERMINATION -Gravimetric Method -Cyrstaline Silica Determination -Asbestos Counting and Identification

  35. Air Sampling and Analysis

  36. MDHS 14/3 Method For Respirable Dusts: 2.2lt/min For Inhalable Dusts: 2.0lt/min Filters: MCE,PVC,GlassFibre

  37. Crystalline Silica Analysis FT-IR MDHS 101 Method, (Quartz) TLV: 25 / %SiO2 (If SiO2≥ %5)

  38. C= Final weighting(mg) - Initial weighting (mg) Flow Rate(lt/min) . Time(min) = mg/m³ Legal Limit Value= 5mg/m³

  39. Counting Asbestos Fibre andKind Analysis Gold plated polycarbonate filter ,cellulose ester filter. Phase Contrast Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)

  40. Limit Value for Asbestos: 0.1 fbr/cm³ Limit Value for Man Made Mineral Fibres(MMMF) : 0.2 fbr/ml Limit Value for Glassfibre: 0.5-1 fbr/ml

  41. ***Protection and Preventing *** Applications Complete Prevention -Substitution -To Mechanise -Optimisation Collective Protection -Local Ventilation -Dust Collectors -Wet Work -Dust Suppression Systems -Whole Ventilation -Time Adjustment

  42. Personel Protection Dust mask, protective clothes, gloves, eyeglasses. P1 : Up to 4 times P2 : Up to 10-12 times P3 : Up to 20-50 times

  43. THANK YOU Burak YASUN byasun@csgb.gov.tr Tel:+90 312 2571690/641

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