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Absolutism in France

Discover the era of absolutism in France (1589-1715) under Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV. From ending religious warfare to centralizing government authority, delve into the royal monopolies, infrastructure projects, and significant personalities such as Cardinal Richelieu. Learn about Louis XIV's reign, Versailles, influential ministers, power consolidation, wars, and their repercussions on French society and finances.

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Absolutism in France

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  1. Absolutism in France 1589-1715

  2. Henry IV (1589-1610) • France weary from years of religious warfare • Able to expand gov’t authority • Established royal monopolies (gunpowder, salt, mines) • Began construction of a canal system that would link France internally • Corvée labor tax drafted workers to build infrastructure • Issued Edict of Nantes • Assassinated in 1610

  3. Louis XIII 1610-1643 • Rule began w/regency His mother.. -signed a peace treaty w/Spain -appointed Richelieu chief advisor • Richelieu -contained Hapsburg Spain -centralized French gov’t (intendents) -campaigned against Huguenots

  4. Cardinal Richelieu

  5. Louis XIV (1643-1715) • Rule began w/regency His mother.. -appointed Mazarin, Richelieu’s protégé • Mazarin -immediately confronted by Fronde -fled France -returned w/Louis in 1653 to restore order • Louis’ personal rule began in 1661 after Mazarin’s death

  6. Louis XIV and Versailles • Moved court to Versailles in response to the Fronde • Served as an instrument of royal propaganda • Important nobles, royal officials in permanent residence • Consumed 1/2 of royal income • Court life was organized around his personal routine

  7. Louis’ Ministers • Marquis de Louvois -Minister of war -Creator of modern army • Jean Baptiste Colbert -Minister of finance -Promoter of mercantilism Jean Baptiste Colbert

  8. Louis’ Power Increases • Censored publishers • Revoked Edict of Nantes  exodus/conversion of Huguenots • Increased the power of intendants • Achieved “absolute” power

  9. Louis’ Wars • 18 years of war in Louis’ last 27 proved costly, draining French resources • Aims: • defensible national boundaries • capture Spanish Netherlands • defeat Dutch Republic and ruin its trade • weaken Habsburg Spain and HRE

  10. Results of Louis’ Wars • France bankrupted • Little territory gained • Starving peasants • Social unrest

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