Chapter 9 and 10

1. Chapter 9 and 10 The United States

2. Overview • 3rd in population (behind China and India) • 3rd in size (behind Russia and Canada) • Most stable government in existence • Long history of freedom • Varieties of natural resources • Can’t produce everything, must trade with other nations

4. I. The American Landscape • Landmass: stretches from Atlantic to Pacific, large peninsula of Alaska, Hawaiian islands, several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean • Boundaries– two main borders: Canada, Mexico • Immigration pg. 211

5. Topography • Map on pg. 213 • Appalachian Mountains-from Canada to N. Alabama • Smokies, Allegheny, Catskills, Blue Ridge • Eastern Continental Divide • Central Plains-fertile rolling hills, Great Lakes and Mississippi river supplies water for rich soil • Great Plains- from Central Plains to Rocky Mountains, flat grasslands • Rocky Mountains • Western Continental Divide • Pacific Mountain Range-several mountain ranges make up the system • Sierra Nevada, Cascade (Mt. St. Helens), Coastal Ranges

6. Can you name the top 5 largest states?

7. 5 Largest States • Alaska- 594,004 sq. miles • Texas- 266,807 sq. miles • California-156,537 sq. miles • Montana-145,603 sq. miles • New Mexico-121,593 sq. miles

8. II. The American People • Diverse is the best word to describe the American people • Most of us are descendants of immigrants who brought their language, customs and culture to the US • Core Values • Freedom • Equality • Individualism

9. Demographics • Est. population of 296 million people • 79% live in urban areas • Life expectancy- 77 years • Minority groups are growing and tend to clump together • Estimates indicate that more than half of the nation’s population could be minorities by 2050

10. Government and Economy • Federal Republic • Power is shared between national government and the government of the 50 states • Free Enterprise Capitalism • Private individuals own industries • More government control since Great Depression and WWII, still freest in the world

11. I. The Northeast • New England • Upper New England • New Hampshire (Concord)-one of original 13 colonies, northern part known for Christmas tree farms • Vermont (Montpelier)- only landlocked NE state, lowest population, famous for maple syrup • Maine (Augusta)- largest NE state, famous for lobster, trees in this region provide most of the nations’ toothpicks

12. I. The Northeast • Lower New England • Massachusetts (Boston)- first NE colony to be established by Pilgrims in 1620 by the Mayflower Compact, major base for American Revolution, home to leading political families • Rhode Island (Providence)-founded by Roger Williams, considered the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution in the New World • Connecticut (Hartford)- first colony to write a constitution to describe its government, famous inventors (Colt and Whitney)

13. Northeast • Middle Atlantic • New York (Albany)-most populous Mid Atlantic state, NYC is the largest city in the nation • New Jersey (Trenton)- very fertile soil-Garden State • Pennsylvania (Harrisburg)-planned out by Quaker founder William Penn, has landmarks like Independence Hall ,Liberty Bell, and Gettysburg battlefield • Maryland (Annapolis)- shares the Delmarva peninsula with Delaware and Virginia, capital is home to US Naval Academy • Delaware (Dover)- second smallest state

14. The District of Columbia • Not part of any state • District run by Congress • Overlooks the Potomac river, city built on Capitol Hill • Current location: compromise between NYC and Philadelphia

15. Statue of Liberty • Symbol of freedom and opportunity in the United States • Gift from France to celebrate the United States’ first 100 years of independence • Tallest statue ever built, 111 feet tall, because of oxidation the copper has turned green. • Her nose alone is the size of a person “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free…”

16. II. The South (“Dixie”) • The Upper South • Virginia (Richmond)- first settlement in Jamestown, still producing many agricultural products • West Virginia (Charleston)-split from rest of Va in 1861 during the Civil War, best known for production of bituminous coal • North Carolina (Raleigh)-nation’s leading turkey, sweet potato and tobacco producer, Research Triangle in Raleigh-Durham is leading center for biotechnology and computers

17. Upper South continued • Kentucky (Frankfort)- mountains in the East, flat areas in the Bluegrass region and low plains in the West, first in livestock and horse exports • Tennessee (Nashville)- diverse economy- agriculture and commerce, Music City USA • Arkansas (Little Rock)- smaller pop. than any other southern state besides West Virginia, headquarters of Walmart

18. The South • The Lower South • South Carolina (Columbia)- produces more peaches than GA, tourism is top money-maker • Georgia (Atlanta) Atlanta lies in the Piedmont (foothills) and has the South’s highest skyscraper, headquarters for Coca-Cola • Florida (Tallahassee)- only state with coasts on both the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, oldest city St. Augustine, southernmost part of US = Key West • Alabama (Montgomery)- more than half of the state is Gulf Coastal Plain, northern part has tail end of Appalachian mts. Cotton is still the chief crop

20. Lower South continued • Mississippi (Jackson)- Mississippi river dominates the area, cotton is profitable due to rich soil, historically the poorest state in the nation • Louisiana (Baton Rouge)- located at the mouth of the Mississippi river, swampy areas called bayous, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 flooded 80% of New Orleans • Texas (Austin)- largest of Southern states, first in nation in cattle and cotton production, 3 of 10 largest cities in the nation (Houston, Dallas, San Antonio), shares characteristics and culture of surrounding areas (Hispanic, Southwest, Midwest)

21. III. The Midwest • Around the Great Lakes, transportation hub, Breadbasket of the Nation • Ohio (Columbus)- Lake Erie and Lake Michigan border in the north, Akron is famous for tires • Indiana (Indianapolis) several industrial areas: Fort Wayne, Evansville, Gary and Elkhart (leads the nation in making brass instruments), Indianapolis has the Indy 500

22. III. The Midwest • Illinois (Springfield)- Chicago is on Lake Michigan- largest city in the Midwest and the transportation capital of the nation • Michigan (Lansing)- only state with a shoreline on 4 of the 5 Great Lakes, split in two by Lake Michigan- lower part has the greater population, Detroit= Motor City because the 3 big auto makers headquartered there (Ford, GMC, Daimler-Chrysler)

23. III. The Midwest • Wisconsin (Madison)- known as America’s Dairyland- ¼ of all cheese produced in USA, one dairy cow for every two people • Minnesota (St. Paul)- “Land of Ten Thousand Lakes”-, half of the population lives in the twin cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul- divided by the Mississippi River, Minneapolis is home of the Mall of America

24. Mall of AmericaMinnesota

25. III. The Midwest • Iowa (Des Moines)-the Drift Prairie produces 7% of nation’s food supply, has 4 hogs for every 1 person in the state • Missouri (Jefferson City)- “Gateway to the West”, St. Louis developed at the convergence of Mississippi River and Missouri river, jumping off point for travelers heading out west, the Gateway Arch is the largest monument in the nation, Pony Express and Oregon Trail had their beginning post in Missouri

26. IV. The Plains • North Dakota (Bismarck)- shares border with Saskatchewan, Canada, agriculture is still the state’s main industry and source of income, 3 Indian reservations in the west, Badlands National Park • South Dakota (Pierre)- 9 Indian Reservations, Mount Rushmore, gold is the most important mineral • Nebraska (Lincoln)- farms cover 95% of the land, only state to have a unicameral legislature, Omaha and Lincoln are major cities for insurance companies

27. IV. The Plains • Kansas (Topeka)- leads the nation in sunflower seeds, manufacturing and service industries are larger than agriculture, Wichita has large aircraft industry producing mainly private planes • Oklahoma (Oklahoma City)- Means “red man,” gets name from the 5 Civilized Tribes that were forced to relocate to Oklahoma in the 1800s, most important product: oil

28. V. The West • Continental West is a land of extremes- hottest, coldest, highest and lowest, riches beyond the early settlers wildest dreams • Montana (Helena) “Big Sky Country”, leads the nation in production of talc, platinum and gem sapphires • Wyoming (Cheyenne)- Yellowstone National Park (Old Faithful)- first such park in the nation, largest industry is mining • Idaho (Boise)- Produces more potatoes than any other state, first white people to live in Idaho- missionaries to the Nez Perce Indians

29. V. The West • Colorado (Denver)- almost half of the state is flat plains, largest cities are at the foot of the Rockies, very fertile area, tourism is a major part of the economy • Utah (Salt Lake City)- Great Basin, headquarters of Mormonism, not great soil, main agricultural products are cattle and poultry • Mormons--

30. V. The West • New Mexico (Santa Fe)-very dry climate- not a major agricultural center, very rich in mineral resources, Carlsbad Caverns bring in money from tourists • Arizona (Phoenix)- southern part is the Sonoran Desert- only place where saguaro cactus grows, sights for tourists: Petrified Forest, Painted Desert and the Grand Canyon, major retirement destination

31. V. The West • California (Sacramento)-3rd in size and 1st in population, Death Valley- lowest spot on the continent (282 ft. below sea level), Sierra Nevada mountain range includes Mt. Whitney the highest mountain outside Alaska, home of Silicon Valley- computer tech area, Hollywood- center of motion picture industry • Nevada (Carson City)- driest of all states, Hoover Dam built on the Colorado River to supply drinking water and irrigation, many jobs in the gambling industry

32. V. The West • Oregon (Salem)- fertile soil and mild weather all year—this region was the lure for travelers on the Oregon Trail, leading lumber producer • Washington (Olympia)- Olympic peninsula gets more rain than any other place in the US besides Hawaii, Puget Sound is an arm of the Pacific Ocean – gives Washington great harbors, Mount St. Helens in the Cascade Mountains blew up in 1980, leading producer of apples

33. Mount St. Helen’s

34. The West • Outlying States • Alaska (Juneau)- distance from E to W—greater than between Maryland and California!, some national parks are larger than other states, half of population lives in Anchorage, Mt. McKinley is the highest mountain in the US, first in commercial fishing, last in farming; most valuable resource: oil

35. Hawaii (Honolulu) – 2400 miles from continent, 132 islands make up state, top producer of coffee, orchids and macadamia nuts • Hawaii (the Big Island) makes up almost half of the landmass, Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes are still active • Lanai- the Pineapple Island • Maui- great beaches, tourist destination • Molokai- Forgotten Island, sparsely populated • Oahu- capital of Honolulu is here, Pearl Harbor • Kauai- Island of Discovery, very green landscape