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Soft Anatomy

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Soft Anatomy. Alimentary canal Gas bladder. Digestive tracts. Spiral valve intestine. Chondricthyes Primitive Bony Fishes Coelacanthiformes Dipnoi Polypteriformes Acipenseriformes. Diet and intestinal length. herbivorous. planktivorous. piscivorous. Gas Bladder.

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Soft Anatomy

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  1. Soft Anatomy • Alimentary canal • Gas bladder

  2. Digestive tracts

  3. Spiral valve intestine • Chondricthyes • Primitive Bony Fishes • Coelacanthiformes • Dipnoi • Polypteriformes • Acipenseriformes

  4. Diet and intestinal length herbivorous planktivorous piscivorous

  5. Gas Bladder • General form: gas filled sac derived from the anterior portion of the alimentary tract • Occurrence of the gas bladder in fishes • Number of gas bladders -monopneumonan -dipneumonan • Kind of gas bladder connections -physostomous -physoclistous

  6. monopneumonan dipneumonan

  7. physostomous pneumatic duct gas bladder physoclistous digestive tract

  8. Primitive function: air breathing

  9. Gas Bladder Functions • buoyancy control • respiration • sound production • sound reception

  10. Structures associated with gas resorption and gas secretion • Gas gland • gas secretion • Oval • gas resorption • Rete mirabile • Countercurrent gas exchange in blood

  11. physostomous physoclistous

  12. Addition of gas to the bladder • Some physostomes are able to gulp air into the gas bladder

  13. Addition of gas to the bladder • Some physostomes are able to gulp air into the gas bladder • Gas addition in both physostomes and physoclists via gas gland and rete mirabile • Processes involved are: • blood acidification (Bohr and Root effects) • “salting-out” effect • countercurrent exchange (at rete mirabile)

  14. Bhor and Root effects

  15. Hemoglobin

  16. Bhor and Root effects

  17. [lactate] + [H+] Gas solubility “Salting out” effect • Reduced gas solubility with increasing concentration of lactate and H+

  18. Countercurrent effect

  19. Countercurrent exchange in the rete mirabile Gas gland

  20. Metabolic processes for pumping gas into the gas bladder Gas gland Rete mirabile

  21. Some pressure numbers

  22. Resorption of gas from bladder • Physostomes can use Pneumatic duct • Physoclists use highly vascularized Oval area • Oval isolated from main bladder

  23. benthic fishes without a gas bladder Percidae Bothidae Gobiidae

  24. Pelagic sharks with high oil content Charcharhinidae Blue shark Prionace glauca Large livers containing low density lipids & squalene (hydrocarbon d=0.86)

  25. Many deepsea midwater fishes Astronesthidae Astronesthes gemmnifer Reduced density of musculature and skeletal tissues.

  26. Diel Vertical Migrators (DVM) Myctophidae Lanterfish Gonichthys sp. Degenerate bladder or lipid-filled bladder

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