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Exploring the Periodic Table: Elements, Characteristics, and Properties

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  1. The PERIODIC TABLE

  2. History • Dimitri Mendeleev is considered the father of the Periodic Table • Based on atomic mass, though he knew that was wrong. • Was able to predict several elements and left space on the table. • First one to organize all data for elements efficiently. • The modern Periodic Table is based on increasing atomic number • Modern Periodic Theory states that periodicity is based on number of valence electrons.

  3. Periodic Groups Periods Table (Families) Rows Columns Numbered: Numbered: 1 through 18 1through 7

  4. III. Valence Electrons

  5. Important Definitions • Valence electrons: electrons in outermost energy level • Electronegativity: rating 0-4 of desire an atom has to gain an electron • Ionization energy: amount of energy needed to remove one valence electron. Referred to as first and second (energy needed to remove next outermost electron)

  6. Every Group Has a Name 1 2 3 - 12 17 18 Transi t ion Earth Alka l i Halogens Alkal ine Nobl e Me t a l s Ga s s e s Me t a l s Meta ls

  7. There are THREE Types of Elements: Metals Non Metals • Solids • Density greater than water • Malleable • Ductile • Luster • Conductors • Low ionization energy • and electronegativity values • Form positive ions • Gasses • Brittle (when solid) • Dull surface • Poor Conductors • High ionization energy and electronegativity values • Form negative ions Metalloids B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At *Display BOTHCharacteristics

  8. EXCEPTIONS: Bromine and Mercury are LIQUIDS at Room Temperature

  9. *Non Metals* Mostly Gasses *Metals* *Metalloids*

  10. EXCEPTION: *Hydrogen is NOT a Metal* *Al is NOT a Metalloid*

  11. Using the information we just learned, Describe the following pictures:

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