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Manifest Destiny & The American Empire

Manifest Destiny & The American Empire. 1836-1848. Ch. 13, Image 1. Ideology of Manifest Destiny. John L. O’Sullivan Control of North American continent Protestant Christianity Providence Racism Anti-Catholic Inferiority of Mexicans Native Americans Doc. 78.

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Manifest Destiny & The American Empire

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  1. Manifest Destiny & The American Empire 1836-1848

  2. Ch. 13, Image 1

  3. Ideology of Manifest Destiny • John L. O’Sullivan • Control of North American continent • Protestant Christianity • Providence • Racism • Anti-Catholic • Inferiority of Mexicans • Native Americans • Doc. 78

  4. Anglo Infiltration in Mexican California • New England trade • Sea otter pelts (soft gold) • 20 year period-decimated otter population • Californio free-trade • Hide & tallow • Pacific Rim

  5. Hide & Tallow • Tallow is fat • Hides • shoes, harnesses, saddles, drive belts • Tallow • fat from cattle used as industrial lubricant • candles

  6. Anglo American Capitalism • 300% profit • Racial stereotypes of Mexican California • Literature circulated back East • Promoted expansion • Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Two Years Before the Mast

  7. The Texas Question • Anglo settlement (1820s) • Anglo Colonization • Moses & Stephen Austin • 200 families • Slavery & cotton • “Becoming Mexican” • “Illegal Aliens” • Coahuila-Texas State Colonization Law (1825)

  8. Tejas & Tejanos • Mexican Tejas • Jose Antonio Navarro • Mexico & Anti-slavery • Mexican Constitution of 1824 • Indentured Labor • King Cotton & East Texas

  9. Map 43

  10. Texas Declaration of Independence (March 2, 1836) • Justifying Independence • Criticism of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Dissolves Congress • State Catholicism • Freedom of conscience • Lone Star Republic (1836-1845)

  11. The Battle of the Alamo (April 1836) • Santa Anna marches on Texas • Failed negotiations • Americans defeated • Remember the Alamo! • Goliad Executions (342) • Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836) • Texas Independence recognized

  12. Ch. 13, Image 4

  13. The Lone Star Republic, 1836-45 • Problem of annexation • John C. Calhoun • East Texas • U.S. gives illegal aid to Texas Republic • Prevent Mexico from reclaiming Texas • 1840 census • 35,000 (Americans) • 4,000 (Mexicans) • 12,000 (slaves) • 40,000 (Indians)

  14. Map 44

  15. Southwestern Expansion, 1845-1853

  16. Map 45

  17. Mexico: The Battle for North America (1999) • Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • James K. Polk • Annexation of Texas • Nueces River • Rio Grande • Mexican vs. U.S. army

  18. The Divided Union Failed Compromise & The Road to War

  19. The Political Crisis of North & South • Economic Policy & Trade Protection • Northern Industry & Southern Agriculture • Nullification Crisis (1833) • “Tariff of Abominations” • “Artificial intrusions” • John C. Calhoun vs. Andrew Jackson

  20. John C. Calhoun, A Disquisition on Government (1845) • Two modes of “community” • Numerical majority • Absolute (North) • 13,527,000 • Concurrent majority • Constitutional (South) • 9,612,000 • Negative Liberty & the Constitution • Doc. 60

  21. The Wilmot Proviso, 1846-50 • “Mexico will poison us” • Ralph Waldo Emerson • All land acquired from Mexico free-territory • Sectional conflict • “Free-soilers” • “the cause & rights of the free white man” • David Wilmot • Failure

  22. Compromise (Armistice) of 1850 • Henry Clay • California (1850)- free state • Utah & New Mexico- popular sovereignty • Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia • Stringent new fugitive slave law

  23. Map 47

  24. Fugitive Slave Act (1850) • Duty to return slaves • Southern honor: duty to return property • Federal Commissioners • Northern blacks couldn’t protest abduction • Financial interest to return slaves to master • Felony to assist escaped slaves • Impress Northerners • Northerners as slave catchers

  25. Northern interpretations of Fugitive Slave Act • Slave power conspiracy • Nationalize slavery • Rule of law • Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) • Escaped slaves • Northern white middle class women • Moral protectors of children being sold

  26. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas • Repealed Missouri Compromise Line • Railroad development • Chicago (Nature’s Metropolis) • Opposition • Northern Whigs become Republicans • Free-soil, anti-slavery, & abolitionists • Southern Whigs join Democrats

  27. Ch. 13, Image 18

  28. Ch. 13, Image 12

  29. Map 49

  30. “Bleeding Kansas” • Open competition • Popular sovereignty • Southern advantage • Missouri • “Border ruffians” • Lawrence, Kansas (spring ’56) • John Brown’s revenge attack

  31. Ch. 13, Image 16

  32. Map 48

  33. “Bleeding Sumner” • Charles Sumner from MA • Abolitionist, anti-slavery • Slave owners-right of sexual exploitation • Preston Brooks (SC) • Duel? • Caning of Charles Sumner

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